Is Balance of Performance 'fixed'? Le Mans argument rages on

Sports Car News

Balance of Performance is one of the most controversial rule sets in racing – but the recent success of WEC's Hypercar class has been based upon it. Is it 'fixed', and will it predetermine the Le Mans winner?

Imola 2 2025 Ferrari Hypercar.jpg

WEC's BoP: Fair cop – or not?

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Balance of Performance: it’s the gift that keeps on giving, or is the greatest injustice in the sports car world – depending on your point of view.

BoP, as it’s colloquially known, is the slightly mysterious technical process which is intended to level the playing field in the World Endurance Championship, and at Le Mans.

The stated intention of BoP is to give no manufacturer a ‘baked in’ performance advantage due to the type of power unit they’ve plumped for, whether it’s hybrid, turbocharged or a naturally aspirated engine. This is done by adjusting both the power input, the amount of power delivered at certain speeds and weight of each manufacturer’s car.

However, many competitors – and fans – believe it’s a device used by the FIA and WEC to keep racing close and therefore exciting, as well as a tool to entice manufacturers into the series by giving everyone a turn to win.

Debate rages as to whether it will be the deciding factor in this year’s Le Mans result, and if it’s a ‘fixed’ system that decides race results in advance. Will it be the case at this weekend’s big race?

As a result of the BoP developments so far this season, some teams (most recently Toyota and Porsche) have been suspected of ‘sandbagging’ in 2025 – in other words going slowly so as to be given a performance break for the most important race of all in Le Mans.

Meanwhile, Ferrari has dominated by winning every WEC 2025 race up to now. The Italian team says it believes it has found performance by optimising its car to improve tyre life, but is still confused as to where its main rivals, Toyota and Porsche, have got to.

So, is BoP really the fairest hand in sports car racing, or does it prove that endurance competition is to some degree pre-determined?

Le Mans 2025 testing Porsche HyperCar

Porsche has expressed its displeasure on state of play so far this season…

Porsche

Balance of Performance has been around in some form in sports car racing since the mid-2000s, but is now a hotter topic than ever – nowhere more so than at endurance’s biggest event.

For every WEC race excluding Le Mans, the FIA takes a sample from a manufacturer’s best two of the previous three races.

An algorithm is used to calculate the BoP by analysing the manufacturers’ 10 quickest laps and fastest 60% of laps over each race ­– with power and weight then adjusted accordingly.

“We never stood a chance”

However for the biggest race of the season, BoP is decided only by analysing data from last year’s Le Mans 24 Hours, presumably to prevent teams from sandbagging in the run-up.

Because the Aston Martin Valkyrie didn’t compete in Le Mans last year, the FIA has used the Hypercar’s simulation data to give it a Le Mans BoP.

Depending on who you ask though, that apparently still hasn’t stopped some teams from at least appearing to go slow.

As a result, this season the BoP argument has rumbled on more than ever.

Hypercar BoP adjustments for Le Mans

Alpine Aston Martin BMW Cadillac Ferrari Peugeot Porsche Toyota
Min Weight (kg) Le Mans ’25

Le Mans ’24

Spa ’25

1039 (+1)

1038

1043

1030

_

1035

1039

1039

1042

1037 (+1)

1036

1042

1042 (-1)

1043

1057

1039 (-8)

1047

1030

1041 (-1)

1042

1055

1053

1053

1069

Max power below 155mph (250km/h) kW Le Mans ’25

Le Mans ’24

Spa ’25

518(+11)

507

520

520

_

520

508

508

503

520 (+11)

509

501

517 (+9)

508

489

1039 (-8)

1047

1030

1041 (-1)

1042

1055

1053

1053

1069

Max power after 155mph (250km/h) Le Mans ’25

Le Mans ’24

Spa ’25

508 (-3)

511

497

516

_

506

519 (+7)

512

509

514 (+5)

509

520

500 (+1)

499

507

500 (-5)

504

501

518 (+7)

511

511

513 (+1)

512

520

At the end of last year, Toyota and Porsche fought it out for the driver and constructor titles while Ferrari laboured in the remaining 2024 rounds following its second consecutive Le Mans win.

However, the Scuderia has since dominated the 2025 WEC season so far, winning all three races with its works cars. Porsche and Toyota have struggled in comparison.

Did Ferrari manage to game the system by going slowly at the end of ’24 to be ready for ’25? And are the other two marques being ‘punished’ for being fast at the end of last year?

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The Italian team’s two main traditional rivals have complained bitterly about their current plight. Well, kind of.

WEC rules state that competitors are forbidden from talking about BoP in person. But that doesn’t stop some from making oblique references.

Porsche and Toyota have made lightly veiled complaints about their respective weight and power adjustments dealt so far this season, but things came to a head at the most recent round at the Six Hours of Spa, the precursor to Le Mans.

Both teams went through poor qualifying sessions before rallying to better points-scoring positions in the race – but still sounded off afterwards as Ferrari took yet another dominant 1-2.

“It seems we have our own championship with Porsche; we have been fighting with them most of the time, so I think we should create our own ‘virtual’ championship to remind us of the days when we could fight for a world championship!” said a slightly put-out Toyota technical director David Floury.

Spa 2025 Toyota Hypercar

As has Toyota…

Toyota

“If you told me [after qualifying] we would have one car in P7, I would have signed for it,” he continued. “For sure, we have won races executing not as well as today. So we can proud of what we have achieved since the start of the season.

“Obviously others are making mistakes and we have avoided them and we have extracted every bit of what we can extract. It’s satisfying to show again we are strong as a team, but in the end we cannot be pleased.

“It’s not what we come to race for. We race to be competitive. We are not and it is not on pure merit. We never stood a chance.”

2 Le Mans 2025 Ferrari Hypercar

Ferrari admits to being surprised by rivals’ pace – or lack of – this year

Ferrari

Porsche was similarly unenthused by its Spa performance.

‟That was another disappointing result for us and not what we expected,” vice president of Porsche motor sport Thomas Laudenbach stated.

‟The team put in another good effort, even if we may not have done everything perfectly. Still, the drivers and the crew fought until the very end, and I want to thank them very much for that.

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“Quite simply, we need to acknowledge that the conditions for a better result weren’t there. As always, we will analyse why, especially since the 24 Hours of Le Mans is up next.

“But I think there is also a massive need for action outside of our organisation. The race speaks for itself.”

But is the situation really that bad for the above two manufacturers – or are they trying to play the BoP game?

Other competitors suspect Toyota and Porsche are trying to ‘sandbag’ and con the FIA and WEC into thinking they’re slower than they really are, so as to put themselves in the pound seat for Le Mans.

“Porsche is playing…” said BMW driver Robin Frijns in the Spa edition of WEC’s behind-the-scenes YouTube series All Access.

“Honestly, when I look at their pictures from the garage, and the faces [of the team], I can’t believe…” replies one of his team bosses.

Meanwhile Ferrari is at least trying to give the impression of bemusement at this season’s developments.

A paddock source told Motor Sport that they calculated Ferrari’s current BoP to leave it 0.3sec per lap ahead of Toyota in Spa, not the 1.8sec margin that transpired in qualifying for that race.

Le Mans 2025 Porsche Hypercar

Ferrari thinks Porsche will be back at the front at Le Mans

Porsche

So, what’s going?

“It’s a big question,” Ferrari’s WEC boss Antonello Colletta told Motor Sport recently.

“You probably you need to demand directly to Porsche. Why? I don’t know. I only see that Porsche, for example in Spa, was slower than last year.

“This is very strange, because the circuit was faster than last year, but in any case, this is not our problem. I’m sure that Porsche will be an important factor in in Le Mans.

“Let’s say: surprising,” is also the verdict from Ferrari WEC technical director Ferdinando Canizzo on the current challenge put up by Porsche and Toyota.

“I was expecting more performance from Porsche and Toyota – a lot more.

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“I may speculate why this performance is not there, but nevertheless it’s quite strange, because I was expecting [it] to be really competitive in the first three races we did.

“I think that more and more we will see all the manufacturers improving – we will see some nice races. I believe Porsche and Toyota will be quicker than what they show [so far this season].”

Ask Ferrari’s championship-leading drivers what they think of the situation, and you get a range of reactions from nervous laughter to pursed lips – they know the WEC’s stance on this matter, and no doubt have a media line to toe also.

“This question I will answer the Sunday after Le Mans, because I’m pretty sure that they [Toyota and Porsche] don’t want to show their real potential until the month of Le Mans,” says 2024 winner Antonio Fuoco.

“Yeah, it looks a little bit strange to be honest,” is former F1 driver Antonio Giovinazzi’s conclusion.

“Because Toyota were the fastest last year, they won the constructors’ championship then suddenly in 2025, they weren’t there – at least in qualifying.

“But in the race, they always come back.”

Taking lap times at face value, Brendon Hartley’s 0.5sec advantage on the Le Mans test day over the on the rest of the field in his Toyota Hypercar would appear to confirm the Ferrari drivers’ takes. But then again, who takes testing times at face value?

4 Le Mans 2025 Ferrari Hypercar.jpg

Ferrari says it just hopes for decent points score in France, despite talk of making it three-in-a-row

Ferrari

What makes the situation further intriguing is that after winning the past two Le Mans, and having been dominant so far this year, all Ferrari staff appear to be putting a bigger emphasis on scoring points and consolidating their position at the top of the table rather than winning the big one at La Sarthe.

A championship title is the only box unticked for the Scuderia Hypercar project. Has it accepted it will be ‘Bopped’ and left with a slower car for Le Mans, and therefore have to embark upon damage limitation in the race?

“For sure, winning the title is the main goal that we have,” says Miguel Molina. “It’s very important for the championship [being a double points race].”

“I think this year, if we finished second in Le Mans and we win the championship, it’s okay,” adds Nicklas Nielsen.

It’s almost impossible to know if BoP be the deciding factor at Le Mans 2025  – but that won’t stop people arguing about it.