Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

I’m just back from a motorcycle ride: eight days, 2000 miles from Copenhagen to Norway’s North Cape, the place they call ‘the end of the world’, inset, below.

The Arctic Rally was the latest adventure organised by cousins Robert Nightingale and Jonny Cazzola, founders of Malle London which launched in 2013 as a manufacturer of high-quality British-made biking luggage and riding kit. Two years later the designers added a fresh string to Malle’s bow with the introduction of the Malle Mile, a weekend of two-wheeled  off-road antics that attracted 80 machines.

Today, Malle rallies are as big a part of the business as the gear it was built on – the Mile now attracts a crowd of thousands, while The Great Mile (a ride from the southern tip of England to the northern edge of Scotland) and the Mountain Rally (length of the Alps) have become firm fixtures on the biking calendar.

The ‘Arctic’, was, however, meant to be  a one-off due to the complex logistics of getting 100 motorcycles to Norway and back, but  a second has been pencilled in for 2027.

Bremont_TerraNova_Bike

The reason for telling you all this is that one of the main elements of a Malle rally is timing: it’s all about small teams travelling between checkpoints, which they arrive at and leave at an allotted hour. At the end, Nightingale reveals the predetermined optimum time for the entire trip – and the team that comes closest receives a modest prize. Modesty, however, doesn’t prevent me from crowing about the fact that our team, the Arctic Monkeys, was declared winner having completed it just 23min off  a ‘perfect’ 67hr 45min of riding time.

Until recently, Malle’s marshals carried out their clock-watching using Breitling timepieces but, just 24 hours before the start of the Arctic Rally, British brand Bremont was announced as the new timing partner. That meant the Malle team was equipped with versions of Bremont’s Terra Nova.

As watch fans know, the launch of the Terra Nova and the rebranding of Bremont by its new management in 2024 led to criticism. CEO and head designer Davide Cerrato took it on the chin, listened and tweaked new models accordingly.

Whether or not anyone likes them more or less is subjective but the Arctic Rally, which saw wildly varying temperatures, rough roads and enthusiastic riding, certainly demonstrated the Terra Nova’s worth as an adventure watch. And surely, that’s what matters.

Bremont Terra Nova, from £2900.  bremont.com; mallelondon.com


Girard-Perregaux Laureato Skeleton Aston Martin Edition

If you’re the type who marvels at cutaway models of engines you’ll appreciate this collaboration between Girard-Perregaux and Aston Martin. Based on G-P’s 50-year-old Laureato, the watch has a case, dial and bezel made from blackened ceramic while the GP01800 self-winding movement has been skeletonised to within an inch of its life. Sapphire crystals enable every detail to be appreciated while luminous hands and suspended indexes emit an Aston green glow.

Girard-Perregaux Laureato Skeleton Aston Martin Edition, £46,200.  girard-perregaux.com


Autodromo Monoposto

Autodromo founder Bradley Price hit on a winning formula when he launched his Monoposto watch in 2012. The dial name’s first automatic model (previous pieces had quartz power), the Monoposto was inspired by rev counters used on ’50s F1 cars with a red line on the crystal beyond the nine o’clock mark (evoking 9000rpm). It sold out, but Price has now introduced Series Two versions with Moss Green or Azzurro dials. Just 150 of each are available and feature the same 43mm case diameter and Miyota movement of the original.

Autodromo Monoposto, £765. autodromo.com

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Parting Shot: April 23, 1926 Brooklands, Surrey

In a bid to smash the Land Speed Record, racing driver JG Parry Thomas purchased Count Louis Zborowski’s 1923-built 27-litre Higham Special. Here’s Parry Thomas with that car, which he re-named ‘Babs’, at Brooklands – his base and home. With Babs, he broke the record at Pendine Sands (171mph) days after this photo was taken. He’d die during another attempt in March 1927.

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

1961 Ferrari 250 GT California Spider Competizione

Sold by Gooding Christie’s, £18.8m 

There were gasps of amazement at RM Sotheby’s Maranello sale in 2012 when Chris Evans splashed out a record £5.5m on a 1961 Ferrari 250 GT California Spider originally owned by actor James Coburn. Fast-forward 13 years and that sum seems peanuts compared with what an anonymous buyer paid for this example of the same model – one of only two alloy-bodied versions that left the factory in full competition specification. Original owner, German entrepreneur Ernst Lautenschlager, used it for hillclimbs and circuit racing.


1961 Deep Sanderson

1961 Deep Sanderson

Sold by Iconic auctioneers, £37,125 

Created by Formula Junior builder Chris Lawrence, the Deep Sanderson was a tiny racer powered by a rear-mounted Mini engine. This steel bodied prototype ran at Le Mans in 1963 and 1964.


1960 Porsche RS60 Spyder

1960 Porsche RS60 Spyder

Sold by RM Sotheby’s, £2.6m 

The RS60 represented the final evolution of Porsche’s competition spyders that began with the 550 of ’53. This example was one of six sent to the US and competed in more than 20 races in period.


1970 Ford Capri Perana

1970 Ford Capri Perana

Sold by Bonhams Cars Online, £45,528 

The Perana was the only Capri sanctioned by Ford for a V8 engine conversion. Work was carried out by Jo’burg dealer Basil Green, who produced the cars between 1970-72 for the South African market.


1974 BMW 2002

1974 BMW 2002

Sold by Iconic auctioneers, £24,750 

This 2002 was developed over 13 years by an in-house BMW engineer. Flares and spoiler were all parts for the factory Turbo, with mechanicals upgraded to give modern-day performance.


1998 Ducati 916

1998 Ducati 916

Sold by Iconic auctioneers, £67,850 

Ducati’s 916 has gone down as one of the best-looking motorcycles created – but this unused example had the added attraction of being number one of the 202 made to honour racer Carl Fogarty.


2020 Bugatti Divo

2020 Bugatti Divo

Sold by Bonhams, £6.3m 

Seven of the top 10 lots sold at Bonhams’ Quail Lodge sale in Monterey were no more than eight years old. This Divo was one of just 40 made that paid tribute to Targa Florio winner Albert Divo.


1919 Bugatti Avio 8C

1919 Bugatti Avio 8C

Sold by Bonhams, £211,800 
When it comes to making power, the Americans used to say, “Ya can’t beat cubes,” and this 106-year-old Bugatti had them in spades, thanks to its experimental, straight-eight aero engine displacing 14.7 litres. Its 200bhp reached the rear wheels via twin chains.


Forthcoming sale highlights

  • Bonhams, newport, Rhode Island, October 3
    Bonhams sets out its stall at this year’s Audrain Concours, the fast-growing event that has spawned its own Rhode Island motor week. Among the more stately lots will be a 1909 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost Roi de Belges tourer. Cars from the collection of former Cartier boss Bernard Fornas will also be up for grabs, including a 1963 Corvette ‘Split Window’.
  • Bonhams, Stafford, October 11-12
    Bonhams’ bi-annual motorcycle sales at the Staffordshire County Showground fall in the spring and autumn. This year’s edition of the latter includes plenty of restoration projects, but the top lot is likely to be a 1929 Brough Superior SS100 that was previously owned by Le Mans competitor Alain de Cadenet. It could realise as much as £200,000
  • H&H, Buxton, Derbyshire, October 15
    We’re all familiar with the adage about waiting ages for a bus, and then two arrive. Well, if you’ve been waiting for a Land Rover featuring the elusive Searle Carawagon conversion, your patience could be rewarded at this sale – where two have come along. Other, similarly un-common lots include a Jensen-Healey Mk1 and a Daihatsu Copen Kei car.
  • Gooding Christie’s, Paris, January 28-February 1
    It might seem a long way off, but if you’re hoping to attend the Rétromobile classic car show now is the time to make arrangements. Artcurial, for years the event’s official auction house, has now been replaced by Gooding Christie’s which marks the event as its first outing on European soil since Gooding & Company was acquired by Christie’s in 2024.
Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

In 1994, 95 million viewers are reported to have tuned in to watch a white Ford Bronco being pursued by up to 20 police cars at a stately 35mph along a Los Angeles freeway – with American football star OJ Simpson in the back seat holding a gun to his own head after failing to ‘help police with their enquiries’ in relation to the murder of his ex-wife and a male friend.

1970 Ford Bronco engine

Engine has been upgraded to a 5-litre Coyote V8, fresh from the crate

Mecum Auctions

1970 Ford Bronco suspension

Body and suspension were given a 3.5in lift

The publicity proved to be a fillip to previously ailing Bronco sales, but the model still disappeared from the Ford line-up two years later before being revived as a modern-day version in 2020.

But while the new generation Broncos are undeniably good, we prefer the idea of this superbly restomodded 1970 model that is the result of a meticulous, three-year ‘rotisserie’ build by Southside Custom of Albert Lea, Minnesota.

1970 Ford Bronco disc brakes

Disc brakes with Wilwood calipers are fitted all round

Mecum Auctions

1970 Ford Bronco logo

Ford Cyber Orange paint comprises six coats of colour plus six of lacquer

Mecum Auctions

Although not a bolt has been left untouched, this ultimate classic Bronco succeeds in retaining the boxy looks and character of the original while being made vastly more suitable for the 21st century.

Key to that is the installation of a brand new Coyote 5-litre engine with Whipple supercharger which drives all four wheels through an automatic transmission and limited slip differentials front and rear.

1970 Ford Bronco interior

High-quality black leather was used for the understated interior

Mecum Auctions

1970 Ford Bronco rollcage

Rollcage is fitted to account for removable roof

Mecum Auctions

Wilwood disc brakes and a Wild Horses suspension lift with Fox shock absorbers take care of the stopping and handling, while digital instruments and an upgraded steering set-up enhance driving ease.

And, sensibly, the interior has been immaculately re-upholstered in practical black leather rather than being given some of the more precious treatments that take the usability out of many of today’s restomod SUVs. Fancy a day in the desert?

1970 Ford Bronco rear

Its exhaust system has been tailor-made for the conversion

Mecum Auctions


1970 Ford Bronco

On offer with Mecum Auctions, Dallas, November 1. Estimate on request

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

European and UK manufacturers ranging from Iso to De Tomaso and from Jensen to Sunbeam saw an easy route to performance by fitting big American V8 engines into their relatively light sports car chassis – but British engineer Sydney Allard got their first.

Allard, the scion of a successful family of Ford car dealers based in Clapham, south-west London, began to prove his worth as a competitive driver after taking up the sport in 1929 with a Morgan three-wheeler.

1952 Allard J2X Le Mans Interior

Raced by Sydney Allard and Jack Fairman in ’52

Then only 19, he went on to compete in long-distance events, the Brighton Speed Trials and the Prescott Hill Climb (where he set a sports car record in 1938) before founding the Allard Motor Company in 1945.

Although tantalisingly successful at times, the business was never set to last and Allard shut down in 1958 after little more than a decade of serious trading and with only around 1900 cars built – but it was also in the early years of that decade that both marque and founder enjoyed some of their finest moments, not least while competing in the Le Mans 24 Hours.

Allard took part in the event four times (1950, ’51, ’52 and ’53) – with the J2X on offer at the Classic Motor Hub being the actual one in which he contested the 1952 race.

1952 ALLARD J2X le mans engine 2

Chrysler ’52-spec engine; chassis 3055

TIM SCOTT

Built in January of that year, chassis 3055 was fitted with new, all-enclosed aluminium bodywork to comply with the latest ACO rules banning cycle wings.

Under the bonnet lurked a 5.4-litre Chrysler V8 driving though a four-speed gearbox and, in the best Le Mans tradition, the car was driven from the UK to the start line at La Sarthe. A ground-breaking radio control set-up in which the Allard pit team could communicate with the drivers through a trio of cockpit-mounted warning lights proved successful in practice and, in the race proper, co-driver Jack Fairman put in a promising first stint before handing the wheel to Allard at 7pm on Saturday.

1952 ALLARD J2X le mans engine

The powerful V8 and the new, more streamlined bodywork saw speeds of more than 150mph on the Mulsanne Straight and by 5am, with Fairman back at the controls, the car was running fifth overall – but, within the hour, Allard was forced to retire after limping back in with big ends knocking.

Chassis 3055 was subsequently factory fitted with a replacement Cadillac engine and sold to US-based racer Paul Pfohl, who won four events on the trot with it before confining it to storage for more than 50 years. After his death the J2X returned to the UK where it was recommissioned for competition use before taking part in the 2014 Le Mans Classic and the following year’s Le Mans Legends.

1952 Allard J2X Le Mans rear

A racing car, but it’s also road-registered.

TIM SCOTT

Now presented in “extremely original condition” and still sporting many features visible in photographs from the 1952 Le Mans race, the car is once again running a Chrysler engine – and will be sold with both the original, damaged unit and the replacement Cadillac engine fitted by the Allard factory.

A vast and fascinating history file also accompanies this most evocative of Allards, with its continuous and indisputable provenance making it eligible for major events such as the Goodwood Revival and, of course, the Le Mans Classic.

It’s road-registered, too – so you could make like Sydney Allard and drive to the track. And hopefully back home again, too.

1952 Allard J2X Le Mans
On sale with The Classic Motor Hub, Bibury, Oxfordshire. Asking: £1.5m. classicmotorhub.com


Gendebien Ferrari – an elegant choice 

  • “An elegant and discerning forcefulness,” was how Enzo Ferrari described the driving style of Scuderia F1 ace Olivier Gendebien. This also translated to the Belgian’s choice of car; he was the second owner of this 1955 Ferrari 250 GT europa, right. Liège stone guards only increase the appeal. It’s on sale at Norfolk’s old racing car company, £POA.
    Ferrari 250 GT-Europa
  • Manufacturers meant business at September’s IAA Mobility motor show in Munich. Porsche unveiled its latest 911 Turbo S, Mini was revelling in its motor sport past with a pair of concepts in collaboration with clothing label Deus Ex Machina, while Audi’s reveal of its TT-esque Concept C is evidence of a style re-set… which is a tad like Jaguar’s Type 00…
  • Here’s your chance to own some serious German motoring history. This 1980 BMW M1, is Factory Test Car No3, the first road-legal M1 – and still in its original Inka Orange. It was used for training and promotional duties when new. For the past 30 years it has been with an avid BMW collector. “It’s an unmolested, unrestored example,” says gallery aaldering in Brummen, Holland. Price: £520,000.
    BMW M1 rear
  • A cyber attack on Jaguar Land Rover could cause disruption until November. Experts believe the production halt is costing JLR £50m a week and impacting the supply chain, with jobs at risk.
  • Analysis by warranty solutions group reveals electric owners fork out more to fix their cars. An EV average repair is £858.50; £190 more than petrol/diesel. “Buyers need to factor that into the cost of ownership,” says Martin Binnee, operations director. LG
Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Alfa Romeo’s Procar silhouette racer would never get to compete on a grand prix weekend, but the 164 did. A fleet of them. They were, however, bog-standard road cars driven by rank amateurs.

They contested the Alfa 164 Celebrity races, which was meant to be a lead-in to the inauguration of the FIA Production Car Championship in 1989. Bernie Ecclestone and Cesare Fiorio hatched a plan to run a grid full of Alfa’s new four-door saloon for luminaries at eight Formula 1 events in Europe in ’88. Björn Borg was among the star names: the tennis legend took his turn at Monza along with Paolo Rossi, hero of Italy’s victory at the 1982 World Cup.

Come Silverstone in July, there was less-star quality aboard the 16 V6-engined ‘racers’, which were prepared under the eye of former RAM team boss John Macdonald at the old Haas F1 factory near Slough that Ecclestone owned. The British GP crowd had to make do with Eddie ‘The Eagle’ Edwards, the myopic ski jumper, and Christopher Dean, one half of the Torvill & Dean figure skating duo. Also taking part were a serving cabinet minister in Kenneth Clarke, snooker heart-throb Tony Knowles and jockey John Francome.

Alfa romeo 164 procar on track

Olympic stars and even an MP were on the grid for the single-make series

Museo Storico Alfa Romeo

The shortened five-lap race, held in wet conditions, was won by Bill Wiggins – ‘Bungalow’ Bill – the property developer walking out with actress Joan Collins at the time, so definitely in the ‘famous for being famous’ category.

Those involved in the running of the one-make race at Silverstone remember not the on-track antics but what happened on the way home. The inclement weather resulted in the private plane that had brought in the celebrities from London’s City Airport being unable to make it back to Silverstone. Another means of returning the stars to the capital had to be magicked up. The only option was to use what was referred to as the FOCA bus, Ecclestone’s command HQ in the F1 paddock, complete with blacked out windows.

“It was such a cock-up,” says Herbie Blash, who remembers some of the ‘talent’ hitting the drinks cabinet – and it would be wrong to name them. “When it came back to Chessington there was cigar ash everywhere [the culprit may or may have not been a Member of Parliament!] and drinks had been spilled. We had to have a major clean-up before Bernie got to see it. He would have flipped!”

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Riccardo Patrese hit the throttle on the exit of the Parabolica. Seconds later, just before jumping on the brakes for the Rettifilo chicane, he was well north of 200mph on Monza’s start-finish straight. And he was driving a car that looked for all the world like a standard four-door saloon! The sound, a new one in motor racing, as he flew down the main straight at Monza in front of packed grandstands told a different story. 

Patrese had jumped out of his V8 Judd-powered Formula 1 Williams after first qualifying on the Friday afternoon of the 1988 Italian Grand Prix and straight into a mount that wasn’t perhaps quite as different as it looked. The F1 race winner was driving the Alfa Romeo 164 Procar, a touring car of sorts, but one that beneath its lookalike bodywork was to all intents and purposes a two-seater F1 car: it was built around a V10 normally aspirated powerplant, a new configuration of race engine, but one that would become dominant at the pinnacle of the sport in the seasons to come.

Riccardo Patrese behind the wheel

Riccardo Patrese was the driver

Alfa’s Procar ended up as a one-off historical anomaly, but it could have heralded a new era in motor sport, at least if Bernie Ecclestone and Max Mosley had got their way. Yet by the time Patrese wowed the tifosi in Alfa Romeo’s backyard in a blur of colour – red, of course – plans for what was properly known as the FIA Production Car Championship were dead in the water.

“Ecclestone found a willing collaborator for his Procar idea, first floated in ’87, in Alfa Romeo”

The proposed series, abbreviated to Procar in a revival of the name used for the F1-supporting one-make BMW M1 series of 1979-80, was built around a new category to be known as Formula S. ‘S’ stood for silhouette: the regulations and the name of the series called for pretty much what it said on the tin. A minimum production requirement of 25,000 road cars was mandated and bodywork had to follow that of the street vehicle save for a teeny rear wing and some concessions to cooling. Yet underneath shapes familiar to the man on the street, the category demanded full-house F1 technology.

Formula S was the work of the Bernie and Max double act after a renewal of the partnership forged in the early days of the Formula One Constructors’ Association in the 1970s. Mosley had turned his back on motor racing after the end of F1’s FISA-FOCA civil war in the early 1980s to pursue, unsuccessfully, his wider political aspirations. Now, he was back on the other side of the fence at FISA, the FIA’s sporting arm, as president of its manufacturers’ commission. He’d been joined by Ecclestone in the bosom of the governing body of world motor sport: the Brabham and FOCA boss had been made FIA vice-president, promotional affairs in February 1987, giving him marketing control of key FISA series.

On track Alfa Romeo’s 164 Monza in 1988

The only public showing on track of Alfa Romeo’s 164 Procar was at Monza in 1988

Ecclestone, who was already the promoter of the Formula 3000 feeder category via FOCA, quickly started working on a blueprint for a shake-up of international motor sport below grand prix racing. At its centre were the new 3.5-litre F1 engine regulations confirmed in October ’86: normally aspirated units would be mandatory from 1989 after a two-year phase-out of turbos. Procar machinery would be built around these next-generation of F1 powerplants, and so too would Group C sports cars.

Ecclestone found a willing collaborator for his Procar idea, first floated early in the summer of ’87, in Alfa Romeo. The Italian manufacturer had just wielded the axe on its F1 comeback. It didn’t make sense for a brand taken over by Fiat in November ’86 and now part of a portfolio that included Ferrari. But Fiat boss Vittorio Ghidella, an avowed motor sport fan who knew its value, was insistent the new marque under his control would continue to compete on track. “Alfa’s image is lent to racing,” he would declare. “Sportiness is the main characteristic of the marque.”

Alfa Romeo ProCar rear

The Brabham-built 164 Procar had practically the same silhouette as the Alfa road car

Sutton Images

The new man he’d placed at the helm of the Alfa Corse competitions department, Cesare Fiorio, made it clear that F1 was off the table. The architect of Lancia’s World Rally Championship successes said each of the Fiat brands would have its own arena, and Alfa’s would be touring car racing. “There will be no official overlap,” he said after taking on the new role in September ’87. “Period!”

But Alfa did have a 3.5-litre V10 F1 engine on the stocks, and nowhere to race it. It had put a temporary hold on its F1 involvement when the contract with Giampaolo ‘Paoli’ Pavanello’s Euroracing organisation to run its factory team expired at the conclusion of 1985. A 1.5-litre four-cylinder turbo to replace the thirsty V8 introduced in 1983 was ready to go at a time when fuel capacity was being reduced in F1. But Alfa preferred to sit out a year while it found a suitable partner – it was going to reprise its pre-1979 F1 role as an engine supplier only.

 

 

It found that partner in Ligier, the French team signing a three-year deal to kick-off in 1987 with the 415T turbo before a switch to a new source of power after a handful of races in ’88. That engine would be the normally aspirated Tipo 1035 — the nomenclature is self-explanatory. The V10 configuration, explains Gianni Tonti, then technical director and subsequently MD of the Alfa Corse, was “smaller and lighter than a 12-cylinder – and a V8 didn’t provide the same performance”. Honda and Renault reached the same conclusion and both would have V10s on the F1 grid in ’89, though Alfa was almost certainly the pioneer.

Alfa’s V10 project, led by Giuseppe ‘Pino’ D’Agostino, had received the green light within days of the confirmation of the 3.5-litre formula. But a month later the outlook for the engine changed: Alfa Romeo, state-owned and losing money, was sold, Fiat winning a bidding war over Ford.

Alfa Romeo spoiler rear

A rear spoiler was permitted

“From the very beginning, after the purchase of Alfa Romeo, the Fiat top brass communicated to me their desire to end the agreement with Ligier,” recalls Tonti. It found a way out before the 415T had even raced. Ligier driver René Arnoux made disparaging comments about the engine after a test at Imola just two weeks ahead of the opening F1 race of ’87 in Rio de Janeiro. His comments, aired on evening TV in Italy, were picked up by the morning’s press and swiftly followed in the afternoon by an announcement from Alfa Romeo unilaterally cancelling its agreement with the French team for breach of contract. Arnoux’s comments were “greatly amplified by the Fiat press office”, reckons Tonti. They provided what he calls “a pretext” for a decision it always wanted to make.

“Nothing bad happened, so they kept increasing the power –three hours later it was at full revs!”

Development on the turbo programme and the 72-degree V10 stopped forthwith at Alfa Romeo competition HQ, formerly known as Autodelta but now dubbed Alfa Corse in a nod to the marque’s successful grand prix campaigns of the late 1940s and early ’50s. Alfa would instead concentrate on its campaign in the new and, as it turned out, shortlived World Touring Car Championship with the 75 Turbo Group A contender. But then Ghidella came back to Tonti and told him that development of the V10 should continue: “He decided we must go ahead with it and then, he said, ‘We will see how to use it.’”

Alfa Romeo ProCar interior

Like the bodywork, elements of the interior had to look like a regular showroom car

The V10 would run on the bench on July 1, 1987. Alfa Corse engineer Giuseppe Petrotta recalls concerns about the untried V10 configuration. “Some people said it wouldn’t work because of the vibration,” he explains. “When we started the engine on the dyno, the operators were very careful. Nothing bad happened, so they kept increasing the power – three hours later it was running at full revs!”

Less than three months later Alfa formally stuck up its hand in support of Formula S just before FISA laid out its plans for the new Production Car series, which was pencilled in to kick-off in 1989. Ghidella was working together with Ecclestone to drive the concept forward. That explains multiple trips by Alfa personnel, Petrotta included, to Brabham HQ to help write the nascent Formula S rulebook. It was a well-beaten path: Brabham had run Alfa engines in F1 from 1976-79.

alfa romeo 164 procar front badge

Other manufacturers steered clear of the Procar series

alfa romeo 164 procar engine

F1-spec 3.5-litre V10 engine was originally scheduled for GP use.

The rules allowed little scope for changes to the silhouette. Even the minuscule rear wing wasn’t allowed to hang out beyond the rear bumper. And the dash had to remain as standard. A novel element of the regulations was a limit on the tyre width per side of the car. Twenty-four and 22in were mentioned in the press – the 164 Procar ended up with 9in fronts and 14in rears, so a cumulative 23in. Minimum weight was to be 750kg, the same as for the 3.5-litre Group C formula.

On the sporting side, there was talk of a ban on sponsorship: allowing only the name of the manufacturer to be displayed on the car was one idea floated by Mosley. The races would be one-driver sprints, with a least some taking place on the F1 undercard.

The collaboration between Alfa and Ecclestone on the 164 Procar project would become a deep one. Brabham ended up developing and building the 164 racer, and Ecclestone would even agree to sell the team to the Italian manufacturer.

Alfa romeo 164 procar carbon tub

The car was built around a carbon tub

alfa romeo 164 procar rear badge

On the outside its believably ordinary but it was a tricky drive on track at speed

Ecclestone was looking to offload the operation he’d bought ahead of the 1972 season. That much was clear in the summer of 1987. There were rumours of a buy-out by Chrysler and then an offer from Spanish construction magnate Jesus Gil, who had just become president of Atletico Madrid.

Ecclestone, with his new role within the FIA, had, according to long-time Brabham team manager Herbie Blash, “lost interest” in running an F1 team at the same time as the duplicity of his roles as poacher and now gamekeeper was being questioned by rival team owners. It didn’t help that Brabham, Blash continues, had “lost its soul” after the departure of star driver Nelson Piquet and then talisman designer Gordon Murray, who had left for Williams and McLaren respectively.

alfa romeo 164 procar steering wheel

Regular Alfa 164 right-hand-drive dashboard.

Michael Ward

The engine supply deal with BMW had also disappeared, the German manufacturer announcing its intention to quit F1 at the end of 1987 in the middle of the previous year. Ecclestone was still talking about Brabham making the F1 grid in ’88 early that year, but for Blash its withdrawal was clear by the end of ’87. He recalls an announcement at the Adelaide F1 finale. There was no public confirmation of that decision, but press reports likening Brabham’s party after the F1 finale in Adelaide to a wake backs up Blash’s idea that Ecclestone’s intent had a least communicated to team personnel. Tonti confirms that the 164 Procar project kicked off in earnest that November.

The Procar chassis was entirely the work of Brabham: internally the 164 was known as the BT57. Ex-Lotus man John Baldwin, who had worked with Sergio Rinland on the 1987 BT56, led the design of what lay under the skin save for Alfa’s engine and the gearbox from Hewland – as well as the skin itself. A standard 164 was delivered to Chessington to facilitate the creation of the bodywork.

alfa romeo 164 procar lucky clover

Quadrifoglio racing logo

“I made a special swivel, so we could turn the car upside down,” recalls Brabham mechanic and fabricator Tommy Ross, who was responsible for screwing the one and only 164 Procar together (a second chassis was never built up). “That meant we could get around the whole car and lay up the moulds from there.”

The chassis derived its stiffness from a centre section from which the engine was hung off at the rear and the suspension at the front [as can be seen in the image below]. It was a genuine two-seater: there was room for a seat either side of this structural boom.

When the 164 Procar was complete in the summer of ’88, the team responsible for the car at Brabham decamped to Italy for a limited schedule of development work at Alfa’s Balocco test facility near the Alfa Corse HQ in Settimo Milanese. Two short tests were completed by all-rounder Giorgio Pianta, whose car development skills had long been exploited by Fiat, before the Monza demo.

Patrese was the obvious candidate to draw eyeballs to the Procar on its public debut. He’d had two stints at Brabham and one at Alfa Romeo in F1, and was still on its books: alongside his Williams duties he was racing the Group A car, predominantly in the Italian Superturismo series in ’88.

alfa romeo 164 procar museum peice

The Procar is unique and now resides in an Alfa Romeo museum in Italy

Michael Ward

Patrese was given strict instructions before he climbed aboard for a run that comprised an in and an out-lap. “The recommendation was to go very slow and when I came to the main straight to use all the acceleration to show the top speed,” he recalls. “Then, it was, ‘Please slow down and come very slowly back to the pits.’” Bar the flat-out blast between pitlane and grandstands it was, he says, “just minimum speed”.

There was a reason for the message Patrese received, explains Petrotta. “The car had a small leak from the water radiator during testing at Balocco,” he says. “We told Patrese to be careful and do just two laps. It was only a demonstration and we didn’t want to have the same problem with all the public there.”

“The recommendation was to go slow and when on the main straight to show the top speed”

And that was that for the 164 Procar, though the car would subsequently go on a tour of international motorshows, Paris and Birmingham included. It had been hoped that Alfa Romeo’s show of commitment to the concept by building what was sometimes dubbed a demonstrator or a feasibility study would bring in other manufacturers for a series whose introduction had already been delayed until 1990. To no avail.

There was clear scepticism about Ecclestone’s plans for the series and Group C, as well as his motives. The cynics have always suggested he was attempting to draw the major OEMs to the top of the motor sport tree by mandating F1-compatible engines in FISA’s other major series. Gabriele Cadringher, head of FISA’s technical department at the time, doesn’t dispute that. “Bernie was always trying to bring manufacturers into F1, to draw everything around F1,” he says. The Procar concept and replacing the fuel-formula rules in Group C with 3.5-litre machinery was, he continues, “all part of the manoeuvring by Bernie and Max“ to achieve that. “It wasn’t a bad idea: you invest in an engine, you can do F1, you can do endurance, you can do touring cars – there was a logic to it.”

alfa romeo 164 procar motor show

Away from the track, the car was used for promo purposes – here at the 1988 Paris Motor Show

Not that the world’s carmakers saw it that way. Cadringher remembers the meeting of the manufacturers’ commission at which the idea for Formula S was first discussed: “The reaction of the manufacturers involved in touring car racing was, ‘We want to race what we sell.’” A silhouette formula, they thought, was stretching that idea. Two manufacturers that admitted to looking at Formula S were Mercedes and Peugeot, who ended up in Group C. The veracity of rumours that Renault and Subaru were also interested isn’t known.

Formula S and the FIA Production Car Championship appear never to have been officially cancelled. Or no one in the English-speaking press bothered to report the end of the idea. But end it did, and that explains why Alfa decided on a new way forward after the 164 Procar’s one and only run, reveals Tonti. And it involved the V10.

“To say it was a wild ride wouldn’t be right, but everything was shaking a lot above 185mph”

“Ghidella decided to build a Group C Alfa Romeo to be able to use the 10-cylinder engine,” he explains. Development of the V10 continued in the back of a Lancia LC2 Group C purchased from privateer Gianni Mussato and Petrotta set to designing a 3.5-litre machine christened the SE048SP, the SE referring to Abarth’s involvement.

Shortly afterwards, Alfa also pressed the go button on an entry into the CART IndyCar series as an engine supplier. It announced in November that it would be ready for the following May’s Indianapolis 500. The new 2.65-litre V8 missed its projected debut, but it was racing in the back of a March chassis run by Alex Morales Motorsports three weeks later in Detroit. Alfa Romeo’s engagement continued until the end of 1991, latterly with Patrick Racing and Lola. Its Group C contender would never make the grid, however.

Alfa romeo 164 procar engine

The SE048SP was ready to run when in summer 1990, with Ghidella long gone, Fiat senior management cancelled the project. But had it made the track the distinctive shrill note of a V10 would have been absent. Politics at Fiat had decreed a switch to a version of Ferrari’s F1 V12 early in the design phase.

That means the only time the V10 was heard by anyone beyond a few Alfa and Brabham personnel was Patrese’s run in the 164 Procar at the Italian GP. To say it was a wild ride wouldn’t be quite right, but he remembers “everything shaking a lot above 300kph [185mph]”. He points to the V10 engine concept and the lack of testing as the reasons.

Even so, he flew down Monza’s start/finish straight faster than a contemporary F1 car. Different accounts of the Monza run give different top speeds, though it appears to have been somewhere around 206mph. So the Alfa easily broke the 200mph barrier, though fell a little short of its quoted top speed of 211mph.

But the 164 Procar Formula S racer was going nowhere. By Monza it was on a fast-track to its resting place in Alfa Romeo’s museum, north of Milan. A 200mph-plus dead end.

Alfa Romeo 164 procar spec


Alfa Romeo 164 Procar spec

Engine 3.5 litres, 72-degree V10, naturally aspirated
Chassis Carbon-fibre monocoque
Power 605bhp at 12,100rpm
Transmission Hewland 6-speed manual
Suspension (front & rear) Double wishbones, coil springs
Weight 750kg
Max Speed 211mph

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Privateers (still) on parade

Porsche, or rather the factory team, had stayed away from the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1984. A late change in the rules resulted in the withdrawal of its Rothmans-sponsored 956s from the big one in June. Yet the German manufacturer continued its winning ways on the Circuit de la Sarthe, the privateers running the ubiquitous Group C design stepping up to the plate. Leading was Joest Racing, which headed home a 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 Porsche block-out with Klaus Ludwig and Henri Pescarolo.

Joest’s 956B Le Mans

Joest’s 956B is one of only five chassis to win Le Mans twice.

Fast-forward 12 months, and the works was back and the result was the same. Victory for Joest, this time with Ludwig sharing with Paolo Barilla and ‘John Winter’. Joest’s 1985 triumph against the factory has long gone down in endurance racing folklore, an example of what just might be possible for an independent. It is a key chapter in the story of the Porsche privateer, one recalled by the German manufacturer in the modern era as it made its 963 LMDh available to customer teams from the get-go.

Reinhold Joest held by John Winter Paolo Barilla and Klaus Ludwig

team chief Reinhold Joest is held aloft by, from left, ‘John Winter’, Paolo Barilla and Klaus Ludwig

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How Joest did it

Central to the tale was Joest’s use of the 956 — the same chassis, 117, as the year before. The factory had introduced the 962C, effectively a long-wheelbase version of its original Group C design: the monocoque was increased in length to get the driver’s feet behind the centre line of the front wheels, resulting in a stubbier nose and a more understeery car. The 956 just had better efficiency around the eight and half miles of the Le Mans circuit, while Joest also undertook modifications to Porsche’s pride and joy. It built its own engines, tweaked the electronics and produced a revised one-piece underfloor. Combined they were enough for Joest to trounce the factory, which could do no better than claim the final place on the podium behind Richard Lloyd’s second-placed 956.

Joest’s 956 Le Mans ’85

Joest’s 956 led a Porsche 1-2-3-4-5 at Le Mans ’85

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Kremer’s early Christmas gift

Joest wasn’t the first Porsche privateer to beat the Rothmans cars over the course of the 1985 World Endurance Championship. But the factory’s first defeat came in the most bizarre circumstances. Kremer triumphed with its 962C at Monza in April when the race was red-flagged 200km short of its 1000km duration. A tree had fallen in the prevailing gale and blocked the track ahead of the first Lesmo right-hander.

Kremer’s 956 1985 Monza

Kremer’s 956 beat the factory in the 1985 Monza 1000Kms

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Out of synch on pitstops and leading, the 956 of Marc Surer and Manfred Winkelhock was declared winner. The duo had been in the mix but were gifted the victory. No wonder the timber was dubbed a “Christmas tree” by Surer. Despite the privateer success, it was the factory that took the drivers’ title with Derek Bell and Hans Stuck.

Jaguar gets serious

Jaguar had returned to frontline sports car racing in the North American IMSA GT Championship in 1982 with Bob Tullius’s Group 44 squad. Its GTP prototype campaigns were part of a Stateside sales push by the British manufacturer, but Jaguar always had an eye on Le Mans. Company chairman John Egan told Tullius as much the moment their partnership was sealed. And that he would eventually lose the programme. “One day we will do it ourselves,” Egan declared.

Jaguar Porsche party at Mosport in 1985

Jaguar crashed the Porsche party at Mosport in 1985

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Group 44 did get to take Jaguar back to the French enduro with the XJR-5 in 1984, the first push by the marque for outright victory since the D-type, and returned in 1985. By then, the Virginia-based operation had lost the programme. Not to some kind of in-house operation at Browns Lane, but to Tom Walkinshaw Racing. Little more than two months after the two XJR-5s had again failed to impress at Le Mans, a new Jaguar prototype designed by former ex-F1 man Tony Southgate pitched up at Mosport. By the season’s end in Malaysia, the carbon-tubbed XJR-6 was challenging Porsche. And two races into ’86, it was a race winner.

Porsche’s Jacky Ickx and Jochen Mass, Jaguar’s John Nielsen and Jan Lammers, 1985 Selangor

Porsche’s Jacky Ickx and Jochen Mass head and shoulders above Jaguar’s John Nielsen and Jan Lammers, 1985 Selangor 800Kms.

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An ‘Aston Martin’ leading Le Mans

The British EMKA team knew its home-brewed Aston Martin-engined Group C car was never going to win Le Mans, but it reckoned it might be able to lead the race for a while. That was the plan anyway.

Tiff Needell had made good progress up the order in the opening hour driving the EMKA-Aston C83B with a preordained disregard for the fuel numbers. A quick pitstop when he was short-fuelled meant he would hit the front when everyone else made their regular stops. The pity for the team was that David Hobbs went an hour and three minutes on his first tank of gas in his John Fitzpatrick Racing Porsche, which meant the EMKA was only second on the hour-one results sheet. But it still got its five laps of glory.

British EMKA-Aston Martin C83B La Sarthe

At one point the British EMKA-Aston Martin C83B led at La Sarthe… but not for long

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Mercedes’ back-door return 

From little acorns… The tiny Sauber sports car team had been receiving help from Mercedes since the early ’80s: a group of engineers had undertaken the suspension geometry calculations on its early Group C designs. So when the team realised that it was getting nowhere with its straight-six BMW engines, it already had an entrée into a manufacturer still sitting on the sidelines 30 years on from its circuit racing withdrawal in the wake of the Le Mans 1955 disaster.

When the new Sauber C8 pitched up for the first time at Le Mans, the Mercedes V8 in the back was said to have been developed by Swiss tuner Heini Mader. But it was just a ruse. The powerplants were built at the Mercedes engine facility on its Untertürkheim campus in Stuttgart. The first Sauber-Mercedes didn’t get to race at Le Mans in ’85. The underfloor came loose on John Nielsen as he sped over the hump on the Mulsanne Straight. The car performed a double somersault, the resulting damage forcing the team to scratch from the event. But Sauber and Mercedes would be back…

Mercedes Sauber C8 at Le Mans

Mercedes quietly crept back into motor sport through the Sauber C8 at Le Mans.

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Toyota’s Le Mans quest begins

Toyota made no bones about its involvement at Le Mans in ’85: two Dome-built Group C cars proudly displayed its name on their flanks and the cam covers of the 2.1-litre turbo engines. The entry of the Dome-Toyota 85Cs ended up being an advance party for a full-factory assault two years later. This was ground zero in the Japanese maker’s odyssey to win the big race, one that would remain unfulfilled for more than 30 years.

A 12th-place finish for the car shared by Satoru Nakajima, Masanori Sekiya and Kaoru Hoshino was an important moment for Dome and TOM’S, the two partners in the project, as they sought to persuade Toyota to jump in with both feet.

Toyota Dome-Toyota 85C

Toyota entered the fray with the TOM’s-run Dome-Toyota 85C and finished 12th.

First life for Spice

Top of the class in Group C2 at Le Mans in ’85 was a car dubbed the Spice-Tiga GC85. Gordon Spice’s team, left high and dry by Ford’s Group C withdrawal early in 1983, had started racing with Tiga’s very first Group C car in ’84, putting a lookalike 956 nose on the front and a Cosworth in the back. The next step was a new tub, built by the RAM F1 team, for a car that secured its Le Mans victory in the hands of Spice, Ray Bellm and Mark Galvin by 13 laps. The first ground-up Spice design was already on the drawing board and more than 50 Group C and IMSA Camel Lights/GTP chassis would follow.

Spice GC85 Group C2

This Spice GC85 was the Group C2 winner – and 14th overall

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Manfred Winkelhock and Stefan Bellof

Manfred Winkelhock and Stefan Bellof

Grand Prix Photos

What we don’t love about sports cars in 1985

  • The tragic loss of German talent: Manfred Winkelhock, and Stefan Bellof, perished at the wheel of privateer Porsche 956s within the space of a couple of weeks at the end of the summer. Winkelhock, killed driving a Kremer car at Mosport, was an established F1 driver, while Bellof, who died at Spa in a Brun entry, was earning his spurs with Tyrrell. Many who worked with Bellof believe he was an F1 world champion in the making.

    Arrivederci Lancia Lancia’s LC2

  • Arrivederci, Lancia: Lancia’s LC2, the big underachiever of the early years of Group C, undertook its final full race programme with the factory in ’85. It was only due to compete sporadically the following year, but the programme was abandoned after the deaths of Henri Toivonen and co-driver Sergio Cresto in a Delta S4 Group B car on the Tour de Corse and test driver Giacomo Maggi during development work aboard one of the LC2s.
    Jean Rondeau headshot
  • Farewell to a legend: Jean Rondeau, below, was a French hero after winning at Le Mans – his home-town race – in 1980. The first driver to triumph at the enduro in a car bearing his own name was soon feted by president Valéry Giscard d’Estaing at the Élysée Palace. Rondeau’s life came to an end when his road car was hit by a train on a level-crossing near Le Mans in December.
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Determining the best Formula 3000 drivers is an inherently subjective task. Statistics are useful to a point but can’t be relied on fully, since drivers who became champion at the first attempt and graduated directly to Formula 1 have fewer wins or poles than those who accumulated results over several years. We’ve attempted to find a middle ground for our ranking. Spare a thought for Jean-Marc Gounon who, as the only non-Reynard winner in 1991 and ’92, made a compelling case for inclusion.

Christian Fittipaldi behind the wheel

5. Christian Fittipaldi

Superior reliability helped him see off Alex Zanardi for the 1991 title, but earning more poles (4-3) than the Italian is nothing to sniff at. Two wins in Pacific’s Reynard and relentless points-scoring allowed the rookie to profit from favoured contenders being hamstrung by Lola woes.


Luca Badoer celebrates win

4. Luca Badoer

You can’t argue with his record 40% hit-rate in F3000. The runaway champion in 1992, rookie Badoer was almost unstoppable after his Crypton Reynard-Cosworth was fitted with monoshock front suspension, scoring five podiums (including four wins) from the last seven races.


Érik Comas in helmet

3. Érik Comas

The most prolific driver of the open era with six wins was only beaten on a tiebreak by Reynard rival Jean Alesi in 1989 (three wins to two), then went one better returning with DAMS in 1990. He earnt Lola’s first title in the edgy T90/50 that many struggled with.


Roberto Moreno in the cockpit

2. Roberto Moreno

Pips Comas as best non-rookie champion because regular misfortune denied him the 1987 title. The experienced Brazilian, an F2 race winner in 1984, lost three likely victories to Ralt unreliability but was Reynard’s deserved champion in 1988 with four wins. Dijon engine failure cost another success.


Stefano Modena in the pits

1. Stefano Modena

Earns top spot as a rookie champion and winner in just his second race, in a finely poised 1987 campaign against Lola and Ralt. Nobody else consistently got a tune from the tricky March 87B, but Modena triumphed three times despite never managing a pole position.

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Sustainability wasn’t the buzzword in 1984 that it is today. But there was a growing consensus that Formula 2 couldn’t go on as it was. Added to unpalatable costs, the crushing domination of Ron Tauranac’s Ralt-Hondas following BMW’s withdrawal of support for its aged engines left nobody in doubt that change was needed.

That’s certainly what Formula 3000 provided. Although reigning F2 champion Mike Thackwell in a works Ralt converted pole to victory in the inaugural race (another 205 would follow by its 2004 conclusion) at Silverstone in 1985, that didn’t tell the full story of F3000’s maiden season.

Mike Thackwell F3000 at Silverstone in 1985

Ralt’s Mike Thackwell won the first ever F3000 race, at Silverstone in 1985.

Christian Danner ’85’s F3000 champion

Christian Danner was ’85’s surprise F3000 champion

Few would have predicted Christian Danner’s eventual coup in a customer March entered by BS Automotive, not least because the German had never previously won a single-seater race. But small, even unfashionable teams outmanoeuvring better-funded rivals became an F3000 trend. Ivan Capelli’s Genoa Racing team began 1986 without the money in place to finish it, while Bromley Motorsport looked nobody’s idea of champion material during a pointless 1987 before storming to glory with Roberto Moreno in 1988.

After Ralt’s steamroller of 1984, unpredictability was a welcome calling card in F3000. Not until 1993 would a team become a repeat title-winner, as multiple manufacturers enjoyed periods in the limelight. As a rule of thumb, with the odd exception, the playing field was far more even than in F2’s dying days.

“The less complex technology in them [without ground effect] made it easier for teams to get to a good car,” says Onyx Racing boss Mike Earle. Another vital consideration was the engine parity provided by F3000’s original 3-litre V8 soundtrack.

Birmingham F3000 1986

Birmingham was added to the F3000 calendar for 1986; its Superprix attracted around 80,000 fans

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What’s in a name?

F3000 was an unusual moniker for a championship intended as a Formula 1 training ground. It belies how close the categories were at first, with old normally aspirated F1 chassis on the grid when F3000 made its first tentative steps. These were powered by the Cosworth DFV, whose 3000cc output gave the series its name.

The solution made sense on the balance sheet and for more emotive reasons. The surfeit of available engines, as F1 embraced turbocharging, meant there were no concerns about meeting demand. It not only offered better value compared to F2 but had greater on-track presence too. There could be no mistaking the raspy sound, nor the attitude of flat-bottom cars which now had more power than grip. F3000 cars were serious pieces of kit that demanded respect.

Red-and-white Ralts of Thackwell John Nielsen Estoril in ’85 F3000’s

Red-and-white Ralts of Thackwell (No1) and John Nielsen (No2) lead at Estoril in ’85 for F3000’s round three

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“It had a lot of vibration, it was bloody noisy, but it was quick,” notes Allan McNish, whose 36 starts are the third most of F3000’s open era. “It was a powerful [breed of] car, it had good downforce, but you had to chuck it around. You couldn’t be gentle with it.”

Even with engines capped at 9000rpm, using Monk limiters that were prone to glitches in 1985 but improved significantly thereafter, it wasn’t a huge leap from F3000 to F1 in performance terms. Capelli, having debuted in both categories during 1985, calls F3000 “the right step to start in F1 with the right experience”.

His experience is familiar to Yannick Dalmas, twice an F3000 race winner in 1987, who made his F1 bow at the end of that season in Mexico. The impact of altitude on engine performance at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodriguez meant there was “not a big difference” between his Lola-Ford and regular March 87B.

Emanuele Pirro, Mike Thackwell and Michel Ferté 1986

From left: Emanuele Pirro, Mike Thackwell and Michel Ferté – Pau podium-finishers in 1986

“The biggest step was Formula 3 to F3000,” the future four-time Le Mans winner states. “The first time in Silverstone, mamma mia! I was very impressed.”

F3000 rapidly became a rite of passage for young guns seeking to make their name and advance their skill sets. McNish sums it up by calling F3000 “a brilliant formula, a great education for a driver”.

Underdogs arise

The triumphs of March customers Danner and Capelli also had in common the indefatigable attitude of team bosses Bob Sparshott and Cesare Gariboldi. “They prepared the cars properly and spent money on the important things rather than the bullshit,” relates March engineer Tim Holloway. “And the results showed.”

Danner broke his duck at Pau following several significant changes. Avon tyres were replaced by Bridgestones (1985 was the only season in which the Melksham company – that became F3000’s exclusive supplier from 1986 – faced competition), Alan Smith took over from engine tuner Swindon in preparing Danner’s DFV and removing his 85B’s rear anti-rollbar eradicated rear-end nervousness. Danner was only off the podium once thereafter and, as misfortunes befell Thackwell, he seized the crown at Donington with a fourth win of 1985.

Lola’s Spanish driver Luis Pérez-Sala was 1987 Le Mans’ Bugatti Circuit

Lola’s Spanish driver Luis Pérez-Sala was runner-up in 1987, taking two wins including here at Le Mans’ Bugatti Circuit

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Capelli remained with Genoa for 1986 and staved off Pierluigi Martini’s late challenge with an 86B barely changed from the factory settings. Martini (Pavesi Ralt-Cosworth) won three times to Capelli’s two, but scoring no points from the first four rounds in a year-old chassis left him too much ground to recover once a cash injection from Leyton House allowed Capelli to finish the season.

Ralt’s works team had exclusive new engines, the Honda-badged BV prepared by John Judd, but only won once courtesy of Thackwell in a partial campaign at Pau. That was the same tally notched by Lola, off the mark at Silverstone with Pascal Fabre. Although a quirky suspension geometry made the all-carbon, clean sheet T86/50 tough for drivers to master initially, it was a huge improvement on a nightmare 1985 with an adapted Indycar tub.

Mauricio Gugelmin leads at Enna-Pergusa in 1987

Pole sitter Mauricio Gugelmin (Ralt) leads at Enna-Pergusa in 1987; like many F3000 drivers the Brazilian moved up to F1

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The category’s three leading lights each contributed to an engrossing 1987 title fight. Stefano Modena (Onyx March) ultimately won out over Lola driver Luis Pérez-Sala and Ralt’s Roberto Moreno, although the latter’s reliability niggles skewed the picture somewhat. Modena lost one victory (at Le Mans, to Pérez-Sala) through unreliability, while problems not of his making denied Moreno wins at Silverstone, Pau and Donington Park.

“In Stefano Modena, Onyx March had a ‘very special’ driver capable of making the difference”

March’s 87B was tricky to set-up and “wasn’t quick enough to win as it was” according to Earle. That was especially true of Genoa’s examples, hamstrung by poor build quality. But in Modena, Earle had a “very special” driver capable of making the difference. The only other March wins (both scored by Dalmas) came in unconventional circumstances at Pau (after Moreno ran out of fuel) and Jarama (where a pre-race shower made tyre choice a lottery). Running a March from 1988 onwards would be a recipe for disaster.

Onyx March’s Stefano Modena 1987

Onyx March’s Stefano Modena made some noise in 1987, winning the F3000 title; he soon stepped up to F1 with EuroBrun

Reynard moves the goalposts

“Still rough at the edges” is how Bertrand Gachot describes the Reynard 88D. That’s not disputed by its designer Malcolm Oastler, who modestly suggests that “we didn’t really know what we were doing” when the company entered F3000 in 1988. Yet it won at the first attempt (as Adrian Reynard’s cars often did) with Johnny Herbert (Eddie Jordan Racing) at Jerez, while Moreno captured the title after sweeping Pau, Silverstone, Monza and Birmingham. From an unknown quantity in F3000, overnight Reynard became the benchmark and was only defeated thereafter in 1990.

Eddie Jordan, Johnny Herbert F3000’s Brands Hatch in 1988

Eddie Jordan driver Johnny Herbert was on pole for F3000’s visit to Brands Hatch in 1988 but a major accident would end his season

Arguably the category’s most significant car, the 88D’s clean sheet approach marrying a long wheelbase with aero efficiency left its rivals exposed. Reynard swiftly became F3000’s most popular constructor, its net increase of nine cars on the entry list between the first and last rounds especially notable since no other manufacturer grew its market share.

March’s customer base was halved and even installing Modena at a test couldn’t redress Onyx’s malaise. When asked how to improve the 88B, Earle recalls “he just scratched his head and said, ‘I don’t know, it’s nothing like the car from last year.’” Ralt also ended 1988 with just four cars, as a rear suspension design flaw rendered the RT22 ineffective. Tauranac sold up to March after cycling through seven different drivers in a dismal campaign.

“Martin Donnelly had stunning results in 1988’s latter stages”

Many are convinced that Herbert could have challenged Moreno without his devastating Brands Hatch crash. That case is made stronger by Martin Donnelly’s stunning performances for EJR in 1988’s latter stages, but all came good in 1989 as Jean Alesi secured the title for Jordan. His team graduated to F1 for 1991 with the gorgeous 191 chassis designed by Gary Anderson, who had engineered Moreno in 1988. It was proof, if any were needed, that F3000 not only developed driving talent but prepared designers and team principals for bigger things too.

“It was good grounding for the drivers, mechanics, teams, everybody,” observes Holloway, latterly joined at March’s Leyton House F1 team by Andy Brown, who designed the 1986-87 title-winning racing cars. Lola’s design chief Mark Williams would spend many years at McLaren, while Oastler was later part of BAR and Jaguar efforts. His successor on Reynard’s F3000 programme, John Thompson, only recently retired after a lengthy stint at Red Bull.

Alex Zanardi 1991

Alex Zanardi never finished lower than second place in ’91

As Donnelly encountered multiple setbacks (most notably at Vallelunga, where March inherited its final win with Fabrizio Giovanardi when a non-compliant front wing denied the Ulsterman), Alesi emerged at the head of the pack. Wins at Pau, Birmingham and Spa were powered by Mugen’s MF308 engine, new in Europe after impressing in Japanese F3000 during 1988. Mugen delivered three consecutive International F3000 titles to end the DFV’s stranglehold, although the venerable Cossie continued to win races until 1993.

The year was also notable for the arrival of DAMS. Works Lola status and Mugen engines helped Érik Comas to finish runner-up, matching Alesi’s score after the champion skipped the finale.

Martin Donnelly holds f3000 trophy

In ’88, Martin Donnelly was an end-of-season sensation.

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Lola’s rise and fall

Although it was Japanese F3000’s dominant force, Lola had to wait until 1990 to replicate that success in Europe. Williams acknowledges that his T90/50 was perhaps too peaky, but Comas successfully tamed it and claimed four victories. DAMS team-mate McNish also won twice. Reynard’s defeat wasn’t helped by struggles with a defective gearbox and losing Anderson, who had overseen its 90D, along with two other draughtsmen to Jordan.

The shoe was on the other foot come 1991, when Avon pivoted to radial tyres. Struggles with adjusting to their distinctive properties, alongside chassis delamination problems and non-correlating aerodynamic figures, consigned Lola customers to a miserable year. McNish describes the T91/50 as “an absolute dog on the radials”.

1992 Crypton’s Luca Badoer Italy’s third Formula 3000

In 1992 Crypton’s Luca Badoer became Italy’s third Formula 3000 champion in eight seasons

Oastler’s Reynard 91D was the car to have and Christian Fittipaldi (Pacific) beat Alessandro Zanardi (Il Barone Rampante) in an all-rookie battle that went down to the wire at Nogaro. Both two-time race winners, greater consistency proved decisive for the second-generation Brazilian.

A year in which pungent special fuel blends had an unwelcome influence on proceedings, Emanuele Naspetti winning four times following his Forti team’s mid-season switch from Lola to Reynard, also featured Ralt’s last hurrah. After two years away, the marque won at Pau’s second round courtesy of Jean-Marc Gounon (3001 International), after he’d joined McNish in non-qualifying at the Vallelunga opener. The RT23 was too soft to challenge consistently, although that trait ironically helped at the idiosyncratic street circuit.

Spec fuel was introduced for 1992, to widespread relief, but technical innovations continued at pace. ‘Monoshock’ became the year’s buzz phrase so it was appropriate that the earliest adopter of the front suspension fad, Luca Badoer, became the latest rookie champion in Crypton Racing’s Reynard. His powerful Mader-tuned DFVs curtailed Mugen’s hegemony, Jordi Gené (Pacific Reynard) scoring its last win at the Silverstone opener. Badoer won four times to outclass Andrea Montermini after the third-year driver’s switch from IBR to Forti immediately yielded two victories. Lola’s few remaining customers fed off scraps.

Seeds of decline

It’s perhaps unfair to single out Severino Nardozzi as a sign of F3000’s wavering fortunes. But at Spa in 1993, it didn’t matter that the gentleman driver was 11.4sec off the pace in his year-old Durango Reynard. Even as comfortably the slowest of the 25 entrants, it was enough to qualify in pre-107% times. It was a stark contrast to 1986, when 36 cars turned up and 10 went home early. Even if the talent at the front remained impeccable, F3000’s depth showed signs of waning.

Explanations for this are multifaceted. Rising costs were an obvious one, particularly following European anti-tobacco advertising legislation diminishing sponsorship pots. Earle’s 3001 team was forced out following 1992, when it had been unable to keep McNish afloat, with IBR following suit midway through 1993. Crypton didn’t return in 1994. But no less damaging was the rising perception that talents like McNish could lose career momentum through no fault of their own, convincing some to seek alternatives. National F3 champions of Britain and Germany weren’t among the intake of F3000 rookies in 1994-95, dimming its prestige.

Appeal was dwindling more broadly too. The 1993 campaign was the first since F3000’s inception to feature less than 10 rounds, at just nine events, and the following two seasons staged one fewer.

Moreover, Lola had dropped off the grid as Reynard was the safer bet. The Bicester monopoly didn’t reflect well on F3000, although it helped DAMS return to competitiveness as Olivier Panis (armed with Cosworth’s new lighter and more compact AC engine) defeated Crypton’s DFV warrior Pedro Lamy by a point in an anticlimactic Nogaro finale where David Coulthard (Pacific) also had his hopes dashed.

“F3000 teetered following FISA’s 1992 proposal to scrap it”

Traction control was scotched in 1993, the latest example of technology that many believe was unsuitable for a training formula. But what the FIA believed most appropriate for a second-tier category plainly differed from the manufacturers. Discussions over cost-saving measures were, according to certain insiders keen to ensure nobody was frozen out, certain to be doomed as a one-make solution loomed. F3000 had teetered on the brink following FISA’s December 1992 proposal to scrap it at the conclusion of 1993, before a U-turn bought a stay of execution. But it was on borrowed time. That was official by the end of a 1994 season in which Jean-Christophe Boullion launched an against-the-odds comeback for DAMS and Lola made an understated return. From scoring three points by the year’s mid-point, Boullion’s Reynard-Cosworth won three times in a transformational final four races to ambush Franck Lagorce (Apomatox) and Gil de Ferran (Paul Stewart Racing). Its third title cemented DAMS as F3000’s best open era team, although Jean-Paul Driot’s tally was later surpassed by Super Nova.

Jean-Christophe Boullion, Frenchman Franck Lagorce in 1994

DAMS was the series’ first back-to-back winner when Jean-Christophe Boullion, pictured, finished two points ahead of fellow Frenchman Franck Lagorce in 1994

David Sears’ newcomers troubled the podium in 1994 with category veteran Vincenzo Sospiri, whose consistency yielded Super Nova’s first of four titles in 1995. Super Nova Reynard-Cosworth drivers cleaned up in all but three races, although Lola did end a barren streak dating back to Magny-Cours 1992 courtesy of Nordic’s Marc Goossens.

To many, closing the chapter on open chassis and engine competition was effectively the end of F3000 as they knew it. Lola’s new T96/50 was bulky and widely derided. Whether F3000 could have survived without a drastic reboot can’t be answered, but some lament that they never got to find out the answer. Deal-making with manufacturers was lost, along with opportunities for engineers to develop cars together with their drivers. What followed was a game of optimisation.

Those fortunate enough to experience F3000’s pomp see it as a golden era in motor sport. Was it as special as its predecessor? It’s a conversation worth having.

F3000 where legends earned their stripes

Formula 3000: Where Legends Earned Their Stripes by James Newbold (Evro Publishing, from £75) is on sale now.


F3000’s big-hitters at a glance

Most wins in F3000 open era

1 Érik Comas 6
=2 Roberto Moreno 5
=2 Emanuele Naspetti 5
=3 Christian Danner 4
=3 Mike Thackwell 4
=3 Pierluigi Martini 4
=3 Luis Pérez-Sala 4
=3 Luca Badoer 4
=3 Franck Lagorce 4

Most wins in F3000 open era

1 Reynard 59
2 Lola 20
3 March 18
4 Ralt 13

Most starts in F3000 open era

1 Marco Apicella 52
2 Paul Belmondo 45
=3 Andrea Chiesa 36
=3 Paolo delle Piane 36
=3 Allan McNish 36
=4 Michel Ferté 35
=4 Vincenzo Sospiri 35
5 Jérôme Policand 34

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Where do you begin when you are interviewing a man who has started 322 Formula 1 grands prix, who has won 11 of them, who has stood on 68 F1 grand prix podiums, who has bagged 14 F1 grand prix pole positions, who has driven 17 F1 grand prix fastest laps – much of that magnum opus compiled in Ferraris – yet who, even now, is still racing and indeed still winning? That’s right: in August of this year, at the wheel of a Ford Mustang, 53-year-old Rubens Barrichello won the NASCAR Brazil championship, and, more remarkable still, he did so at his first attempt.

Although he retired from F1 in 2011, he has never stopped racing. In 2012 he dipped a toe into IndyCar – briefly – then he embarked on a career in Brazilian Stock Car Pro, which championship he has won twice, in 2014 and 2022, and in which series he continues to race to this day. So where do you start when your interviewee has done so much, so well, over such a long time? There is only one answer: at the beginning. “What are your earliest memories of motor sport?” I venture.

Rubens Barrichello Brazilian NASCAR Velo Città

Rubens Barrichello is still racing and still winning; he was crowned Brazilian NASCAR champion at Velo Città in August.

Alamy

“I lived the first 20 years of my life in Interlagos,” he says, smiling via video call from a visibly comfy house, which is in a significantly posher suburb of São Paulo than Interlagos. “I was born in Interlagos – and I think that if you live in Interlagos the chances are that you’re probably going to race a car, or at least a go-kart, at some point. But, before I ever did that, I used to ride my bicycle to my grandma’s place, and she lived right beside the circuit. Her house had the best view you could get, right between Turns 1 and 2 of the old Interlagos.

“So I used to watch the cars going round and round and round, from my grandma’s place, and my dreams were inspired by that early experience. And my uncle, Darcio dos Santos, who was a racing driver [and more recently a race team owner], a very good one actually, a Brazilian champion, was driving in Formula Vee back then, and every time he drove out of the pits he would look up at my grandma’s window and give me a wave if I was there.

“My dream was: I want to do that. Then, when I was six years old, my grandpa gave me a kart of my own, and then my dream became: I want to do Formula 1. And, to make that possible, not only my dream but also my obsession then became: I want to develop as a racing driver. And, you know, I’m jumping forward many years now, sorry, but when I first started racing in F1, in 1993, the second grand prix I did was at Interlagos. The circuit was different from how it had been when I was a boy, and a grandstand had been built between the track and my grandma’s house, but I could still just about see her house from my Jordan F1 car, and I could still remember the six-year-old boy I’d been, who’d dreamed big. And now I was living that dream.”

Rubens Barrichello and Ayrton Senna Imola, 1994

Barrichello with Ayrton Senna, Imola, 1994

Getty Images

“That’s an extraordinary story – and an inspirational one, too,” I reply, but my interlocutor is already in full flow and he does not need another question to trigger further reminiscences: “Because of the layout of the old Interlagos, I could see almost the whole circuit from my grandma’s house. I could see almost everything. I remember so well the 1980 Brazilian Grand Prix, when I would have been seven. I was watching all those beautiful F1 cars, and I have a particular memory of Mario Andretti’s Essex-sponsored Lotus 81, because he spun off after just one lap right in front of me, and I said to my grandma, ‘Let me climb down and touch that car,’ but she wouldn’t allow it.

“Then, when I started karting, my father used to take me to the circuits, and straight away I had a good feeling for what my kart was doing. I used to come back to the pits and say to my father, ‘Look, Dad, it’s misfiring at the first stage of the throttle opening,’ but he wouldn’t believe that a little kid could be sensitive to something as subtle as that, so he’d pretend to adjust something, but actually do nothing, then tell me he’d fixed it, and I’d go out again then come back in and say, ‘Dad, nothing’s different, it’s still misfiring.’ He was amazed. I’ve always had that special sense for what a race car is doing – and, when I got to F1, super-experienced engineers like Gary Anderson [at Jordan] and Ross Brawn [at Ferrari and Brawn] used to say, ‘Rubens is a superstar at setting up the car.’ And I had that from the very beginning.

“Ayrton was always very kind to me. He was like a big brother”

“From early on I kind of became part of my kart, part of its movement, at one with its tyres, dampers and suspension, and I always wanted to save the tyres, because my father didn’t have enough money to buy new ones. That made me a driver who never wanted to slide a kart – or, later, a car. I wanted to drive on the limit, not over it, and keep everything straight. And I won five Brazilian karting championships, first as a kid then as a teenager, and one of my rivals was Christian Fittipaldi, and beating someone from that famous Brazilian racing family made a lot of people pay attention. I still enjoy karting now. I qualified this year to race in the masters section of the Karting World Championship in Bahrain. I love it all. I always have. For example, when I was just four, I was taken by my father to watch my uncle race his kart, and one of the other karters in that race was Ayrton Senna da Silva. Ayrton was leading, but he was taken out by another karter. And Ayrton sat in his kart by the side of the track and waited for the guy to come round again, and, when he did, he took the guy out, and after that it was a mess, like a boxing ring. Then Ayrton started to do well, really well, in Europe, and we used to read about him back home. Then when I got to England, later, I bought or rented every VHS tape of his races that I could find, all the races he’d done before F1, and I watched every minute of all of them.

Eddie Jordan and Rubens Barrichello

flanked by Gary Anderson and Eddie Jordan in Barcelona, 1993

DPPI

“Ayrton was always very kind to me. He was like a big brother to me, because he knew I didn’t have a lot of money, so he always did his best to help me. He introduced me to people. He did whatever he could. But he was a hero as well as a big brother. I always used to watch his hands in the videos I’d bought or rented. The way he drove – wow! – I was just in love with that. So, yes, from early on, he had a very big impact on my career.”

Now seems like an opportune moment to move our conversation on to F1 – after all, we have 322 grands prix to consider. Rubens warms to the theme. “I was only 20, and I was testing the 1993 Jordan car at Silverstone, the small circuit, and after just 10 laps Gary [Anderson, the team’s technical director], said to me, ‘Rubens, you’re the guy for me.’ Like I said before, it was the way I was translating what the car was doing. Gary said to the other engineers, ‘We can really develop this car with this boy.’

“My first grand prix was at Kyalami, in the Jordan, and I remember the amazing feeling of being in the same driver briefings as people like Ayrton, Alain [Prost], Michael [Schumacher], Gerhard [Berger], and so on. It was so…” – he hunts for the mot juste, then he settles for – “…nice. It was so full of energy. But I had a gearbox failure in that race, Kyalami, and another gearbox failure next time out, at home at Interlagos. Then the next race was at Donington, when it was so wet, and I did well, because I was always good in the rain, but then I ran out of fuel. And that weekend I met George Harrison, the Beatle, and he said to me, ‘You have a musical name, because ‘bari’ is a musical term, short for ‘baritone’, and so is ‘cello’. So that’s why I wanted to come and say hi to you.’ It was an amazing experience for a boy from Interlagos.”

“Eddie Jordan and Jackie Stewart were legends but very different”

The following year, 1994, Barrichello remained with Jordan, but, although he kicked off the season with fourth place at Interlagos and third at Aida – his first F1 podium –everything went terribly wrong next time out, at Imola. “There was a spiritual link between Ayrton and me,” he says solemnly. “There was something that somehow drew us together. I had that enormous accident at Imola, then he had an even worse one. And maybe it was my huge crash, but, although I know I carried his coffin at his funeral, and I’ve seen photographs of me doing that, I have no memory of it. I think I lost a bit of my memory after my massive Imola shunt, but actually I think maybe God was protecting me by blocking those memories, because, always, even straight after he’d died, when I think of Ayrton I think of him smiling.

“But, all the same, him not being there in 1994 was hard. I don’t think many people understood how bad it was for me, how much I was suffering. Then I decided, and I said, ‘I hope that, although Ayrton is no longer with us on track, I hope I can do things on track in his place that will make Brazil proud.’ I wasn’t trying to compare myself to Ayrton, but I wanted to do well for him and for Brazil. And, when we raced in Brazil in 1995, which was the first race of that season, the grief really hit me. When I looked at all the spectators, I said to myself, ‘Jesus, this is up to me now. Me and [the two Forti drivers] Roberto Moreno and Pedro Diniz are the only Brazilians in the race – how am I going to manage?’ And someone said to me, ‘Perhaps you don’t understand how much Senna loved you, but, believe me, he did, and he’s looking after you.’ And although that made me miss him even more, that sadness was an amazing feeling.”

Barrichello had a decent ’95 – the highlight was second place in Montreal, followed by strong points finishes at Magny-Cours, Spa and the Nürburgring – but 1996, still with Jordan, was better still. He often qualified well, and he raced and scored points in Buenos Aires, the Nürburgring, Imola, Silverstone, Hockenheim, Budapest and Monza. Even so, after four seasons with Eddie Jordan’s eponymous outfit, for 1997 Rubens was on his way to a brand-new team, also eponymous, also founded by a larger-than-life F1 character: Jackie Stewart’s Stewart Grand Prix.

1994 San Marino Grand Prix, Barrichello

1994 San Marino Grand Prix, Barrichello

DPPI

1994 San Marino Grand Prix, Barrichello 2

1994 San Marino Grand Prix, Barrichello 3

1994 San Marino Grand Prix, Barrichello 4

“Eddie and Jackie were both legends, but they were very different. People didn’t understand Eddie until they knew him. But I knew him, and he and I always hugged each other when we saw each other, right up to the very end of his life. I was the first driver to get him a pole position; I was the first driver to get him a podium; he gave me my F1 chance. Then, at the end of 1996, when he signed Ralf [Schumacher] and Fisico [Giancarlo Fisichella], I started speaking to Jackie. I liked what I heard. He was very serious about his plans for 1997, very focused, and he had Bridgestone tyres [rather than the Goodyears with which Jordan would be persisting for 1997], which appealed to me. And at Monaco, which was only the team’s fifth race, I finished second, beaten by only Michael and Ferrari, and that was fantastic.

“And you know something else I’m proud of? Jackie used to take almost all his drivers to Oulton Park, and coach them there, even F1 drivers. But he never did that with me. I had great respect for him – he was a great man and he’d been a great driver – and I like to think he had great respect for me, too, and that that’s why he didn’t try to coach me. I think he could see that I wasn’t sliding his F1 car, that I wasn’t trying to force it to do things that it didn’t want to do. I think our driving styles were similar. We both aimed to be smooth – instinctively. I see it when I sit next to him when he’s driving a road car. I see it when we play golf together.”

Barrichello spent three years with Stewart – 1997, 1998 and 1999 – and, apart from that superb second place at Monaco in 1997, the highlights were three third places, all of them in 1999, at Imola, Magny-Cours and Nürburgring. “That Nürburgring race? Well, I was happy for Jackie, of course I was, and also for Johnny [Herbert, who won it for Stewart], but obviously I’d love to have won it. But I don’t mind, because I love Johnny.”

Perhaps another reason he did not mind was that he knew he was about to bag the biggest prize that any F1 driver can ever dream of: a Ferrari deal. He spent six years at the Scuderia, and he won nine grands prix in rosso corsa. “I started talking to Ferrari at Monaco in 1999,” he recalls. “One of Jean Todt’s assistants came up to me in the paddock and said, ‘Mr Todt wants to talk to you,’ and he gave me a piece of paper with a message that said, ‘Meet me at the Hotel de Paris.’ So I went, on my moped, and I met Jean Todt. He said, ‘How would you like to drive for Ferrari?’ And I said, ‘Very much.’ But I knew that the team was built around Michael, so I added, ‘But only as long as there’s nothing in my contract that says that I have to give way to Michael. But, yes, if you want a serious racing driver, someone who’s going to race to win for you, then, yes, I’d absolutely love to do that.’

Jackie Stewart Nürburgring in 1999 Johnny Herbert Rubens Barrichello

Tartan army: Stewart Grand Prix’s sole win was at the Nürburgring in 1999; Johnny Herbert finished first, Barrichello was third

Getty Images

“They gave me a contract, and it was written that way. There was nothing in it about me having to give way, or having to obey team orders, or having to be number two to Michael. So I signed it. I knew that Michael was a superhero, I knew that Michael was something special, and I knew that I was just the boy from Interlagos who’d always dreamed big. But I was excited, because I wanted to be given a chance against the very best, and, according to my contract, that’s what I now had. What I didn’t know, but I found out later, was that all those clauses were in Michael’s contract, even though they weren’t in mine.”

“For him to be number one, do you mean?” I suggest.

“Yes. Yes, exactly. So many times when I was looking good they told me to drop the revs, when there was no need for me to drop the revs, and other things like that. So many times I would have been able to do better, to win more races. OK, Michael was probably better than me, but he was probably better than everyone. But how much better than me was he? We’ll never know.

2000, Rubens Barrichello Ferrari at the Nürburgring F1-2000

In 2000, Barrichello made his dream move to Ferrari – here at the Nürburgring driving the F1-2000; his first F1 victory was weeks away

Getty Images

“So all I can say is that nine grand prix wins for Ferrari, in that situation, is pretty good, but I know that no one will give a damn about that except me. It’s the same as: no one will ever give a damn about the fact that Ayrton was brilliant at Donington in 1993, of course he was, but I went from 12th on the grid to fourth place on lap one while he was going from fourth on the grid to first place on lap one. People see what they see, but I know what I did, and I’m proud of it, and I hope that my sons and their kids will always be proud of it, too.

“Also, at Ferrari, I was always the one who developed the car, much more than Michael did. I was the one who tested the tyres, who tested the suspension options, and I loved that, and the engineers loved it too, and the fact that I was good at that meant that there was actually a lot of harmony in the team.”

“How did you get on with Michael?” I ask.

“Michael often stayed with me when we raced in Brazil,” he begins. “He liked hanging out with me and my friends in Brazil. But he was always a little reserved, always holding something back, unless he’d had a drink. If he’d had a drink, he used to open up a bit more, and then he used to say to me, ‘Rubens, you’re bloody good, you know. You’re bloody quick.’ But even then, even if he’d had a drink, if you tried to go deeper, to ask something more personal, he’d change the subject. But, even so, when we were talking like that, perhaps a little tipsy, I felt that he wanted – no, maybe even needed – to say a little more. But he always stopped himself. That was Michael. He was a very private person.”

“You have to remember that Michael wanted to win at all costs”

Michael Schumacher is an enigma. Was he one of the greatest drivers in the history of our sport? Yes, he was, undoubtedly. But, equally, there is mystery around him, and that mystery will surely never now be unravelled, owing to the diminished situation in which he now exists. Nonetheless, although his abilities were god-like, there was also something of the devil about him. He was sometimes vicious on track, unnecessarily so. “Why?” I ask.

There is a pause. “OK, look, I’m not saying that he was bad. I’m not saying that at all. I’m just saying that he and I were different…” – there is another pause, a longer one this time – “…but, you know, on the day that those guys [Michael and his brother Ralf] lost their mom [April 20, 2003], when we were at Imola, they were first and second on the grid, and they raced each other hard. Well, that didn’t feel right to me. That could have ended in tears. There’s a time and a place for two brothers to race each other hard, and maybe that wasn’t it.” For the record, they finished first (Michael) and fourth (Ralf). Rubens was third.

Rubens Barrichello Kart racing in Florianapolis, 2006

Kart racing in Florianapolis, 2006

Getty Images

“Look, I’m not saying they were wrong. I’m just saying that that’s not the way I’d act if it was my mother and my brother. But you have to remember that Michael wanted to win at all costs – at any cost perhaps. That was just the way he was. At Hungaroring in 2010, when he was in a Merc and I was in a Williams, he gave me no room, no room at all. We’ve all had loads of opportunities to do something like that on track, something…” – again he searches for the right word, and I fancy he selects a softer adjective than the one that perhaps he first had in mind – “…silly. But I didn’t do that stuff. That just wasn’t my way. And I wanted – and I want – my sons to know that that isn’t how I race, and I want them to race the way I did, and I do. You can have all the trophies in the world but they’re worth nothing if you don’t race with…” – again he pauses for thought – “…dignity. So, to sum it up, Michael was a supernaturally gifted driver, but sometimes he was a bit too ruthless, and he was a very nice person, but he was even nicer if he had a glass of good red wine in his hand. I wish he was able to respond, to give his opinion, but very, very sadly he isn’t.

“Let me tell you this. One time I met Michael’s son Mick at a restaurant in Brazil. We had a really lovely chat and I got the feeling that he kept expecting me to ask him details about Michael’s physical condition, but I decided not to. I decided not to because I know how private Michael always was. And at the end of the evening, Mick looked me in the eyes, and he said, ‘Can you tell me something funny about you and my dad?’ And I told him a story about Michael, Ross and me getting tipsy together at the Montana Restaurant in Maranello, and we lost Ross. We just lost him. Suddenly he wasn’t there any more. And when we looked for him, with our driver driving us, we found him walking on his own in the middle of nowhere, still a few kilometres from his house. And Mick laughed, he hugged me and we said goodbye.”

I figure that that seems as good a place as any to curtail my Schumacher enquiries, but Rubens wants to add a few more adjacent thoughts: “Maybe I should have won more races in my F1 career. Maybe I could have done, if I’d behaved differently. But so what? The best time I’ve ever had in my racing life was when I won the Brazilian Stock Car Pro championship in 2022, with my sons on the podium with me. That’s the kind of thing that matters to me most.”

Michael Schumacher at the 2010 Hungarian GP

Brush with Michael Schumacher at the 2010 Hungarian GP

Getty Images

In 2006, 2007 and 2008, Barrichello raced for Honda’s F1 team. The stats reveal that they were not great seasons for him: 53 grand prix starts; one grand prix podium (Silverstone 2008). Towards the end of that final year, 2008, the world was becoming ever more seriously mired in global financial crisis, and the board members of multinational automotive corporations such as Honda were beginning to feel mighty nervous. Subaru and Suzuki withdrew from the World Rally Championship, and Kawasaki ditched MotoGP. In December 2008 Honda pulled the plug on its F1 team and it appeared that Barrichello, and his team-mate Jenson Button, would be left high and dry.

We now know that what happened was the opposite of that. Ross Brawn and Nick Fry bought the team for £1, which price looked even keener when you factored in that Honda had committed to cover any redundancy payments, effectively giving Brawn and Fry a free Formula 1 team, fully functioning, unencumbered by financial baggage. Better still, thanks to something called a double diffuser, which Williams and Toyota also adopted but Brawn mastered better than their two partners in that technical jiggery-pokery, compliant as it was with the letter if not the spirit of the regulations, the Brawn BGP 001 was a winner straight out of the box.

Rubens Barrichello Kyalami, age 20, 1993

First F1 race, Kyalami, age 20, 1993

DPPI

“During the winter of 2008-2009 I had no idea whether or not the team was going to survive,” Rubens remembers. “No one did. Even so, I kept in touch with Ross often, calling him twice a week, and I trained like crazy in the gym. I wanted to be ready – just in case Ross’s and Nick’s plans came through. And in the end they did, I flew to England, I signed a contract – for just four races at first, with much less money than before – and we went down to Barcelona to test the car. After that test I hugged Jenson and he hugged me, because we knew something magical had happened. We knew our car was a winner.”

“I hugged Jenson and he hugged me. We knew our car was a winner”

For Rubens, however, the same trouble that he had encountered with Honda in 2006 – brake pads that did not suit his braking approach – now prevented him from matching Button’s early season speed. His results in the first seven grands prix of the year were second, fifth, fourth, fifth, second, second, and DNF – pretty good – but Jenson won six of those races, missing out only in Shanghai, where he finished third.

“But when I finally solved my brake pad issue, I was faster than Jenson, and in the second half of the year I won in Valencia and Monza, whereas he never won at all. But by that time it was too late for me to challenge him for the world championship because Red Bull and McLaren had come on well and they were winning almost all the races by then. It is what it is. But I was pleased for Jenson when he became world champion, and I was absolutely delighted for the team.”

2002 Hungarian GP, Rubens Barrichello Michael Schumacher

A Ferrari 1-2 at the 2002 Hungarian GP, with Barrichello winning from pole; Schumacher was just 0.4sec behind at the finish

Grand Prix Photo

And what of Barrichello’s final two seasons in F1, 2010 and 2011, with Williams? “What took me there was two things: first, the story of someone, Frank [Williams], who was fantastically courageous, and, second, the certainty that there wouldn’t be team orders. Because at Ferrari I’d had team orders, and even at Brawn it had been clear that, once Jenson had started the season so well, Ross wanted him to do the winning rather than me, to secure the drivers’ world championship as well as the constructors’ world championship. But Williams was a disappointment to me because when I got there it soon became clear that it wasn’t Frank in charge. Even so, I enjoyed the first year, 2010, with Nico [Hülkenberg], but the second year, 2011, with [Pastor] Maldonado, well, they needed money, which is why they hired him, and it all got very political. I’d like to have had one more year with Williams, but they chose Maldonado and Bruno [Senna] for 2012. As I say, they needed money. It would have been my 20th season in F1, which would have been cool.” He shrugs, then smiles.

Rubens Barrichello the Williams man, 2011

Barrichello the Williams man, 2011

Getty Images

“But I’m a happy man,” he continues. “I love my family, I love my racing even more than I did when I was younger, and I’m so grateful that I’m not only still racing but also still competitive. My sons are both racing – ‘Dudu’ [he means Eduardo] in WEC this year and ‘Fefo’ [he means Fernando] in Euroformula Open and Formula 3 this year. They’re both doing well. I have my dogs, too, and they’ve all got names related to racing. So I have Enzo [Ferrari], Skip [Barber] and Stocky [stock cars]. I love music and when my friends come to my house, we all sing together. And I’ve even learned something from Michael: the love of good red wine.”

Rubens Barrichello with Brawn in 2009

With Brawn in 2009 – an opportunity missed?

Grand Prix Photo

Rubens Barrichello with son Eduardo and Fernando, São Paulo

Best time – with sons Eduardo, left, and Fernando, São Paulo

Alamy

Born: 23/05/1972, São Paulo, Brazil

  • 1978 Begins karting in São Paulo.
  • 1990 Wins Formula Opel Lotus Euroseries – six wins from 11 races.
  • 1991 Wins British Formula 3 title.
  • 1993-96 At 20, becomes F1 driver with Jordan; one podium – 1994 at Aida, Japan
  • 1997-99 Switches to Stewart. Second at Monaco in ’97; three third places in ’99, including team 1-3 at the Nürburgring.
  • 2000-05 Hits his stride at Ferrari as team-mate of Michael Schumacher. Nine F1 wins; second in drivers’ standings in 2002 and ’04 but only eighth in ’05.
  • 2006-08 Joins Honda; fails to score any points in 2007 for first time in F1 career; single podium in 2008 at Silverstone.
  • 2009 Team-mate to Jenson Button at Brawn; chance of an F1 world title missed. Wins in Valencia and Monza.
  • 2010-11 With Williams but unimpressed. Best result: fourth, Valencia, 2010.
  • 2012 IndyCar with KV Racing – 12th; starts Stock Car Pro racing in Brazil – wins title in 2014 and ’22. Still in series today.
  • 2017 Le Mans 24 Hours: 11th overall.
  • 2025 Wins NASCAR Brasil Series at 53.
Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

  • Ligier European Series driver Laura Villars has announced herself as a surprise third candidate for the FIA presidency vote in December in addition to sitting president Mohammed Ben Sulayem and challenger Tim Mayer. The 28-year-old Swiss said, “I want to establish an FIA Young Leaders Academy for women and young people, which will prepare the next generation to take on leading roles in motor sport. And, of course, I want to pave the way for women into Formula 1. To achieve this, transparency in decision-making and financial matters is important to me.” At the time of writing it wasn’t clear if she had met all the criteria for her bid to be accepted.
  • Pierre Gasly has reached a multi-year agreement to continue with Alpine in F1. Flavio Briatore confirmed in Baku that there are only two drivers in consideration for the seat alongside Gasly in 2026: the incumbent Franco Colapinto and Alpine Academy former F2 racer Paul Aron.
  • Fernando Alonso was talking about his future at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix and was quoted as saying, “If the [2026 Aston Martin] goes well, there’s a good chance it will be my last year… It’s the differentiating factor – it’s the last chance to try to win another grand prix, enjoy the good times, get on the podium and fight for a Formula 1 championship… If the car goes badly, there’s a chance I’ll stay for another year to finish on a positive note.”
  • Cadillac has confirmed IndyCar star Colton Herta as its official reserve driver in F1. Although he has yet to acquire the necessary superlicence points to race in the category, he will be doing a full season of F2 in 2026.
Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

The big controversy at Monza was McLaren’s dilemma in asking Oscar Piastri to surrender second position to team-mate Lando Norris after the latter had suffered a delay at his pitstop.

Norris had been the lead McLaren throughout the race up to that point and McLaren, in trying to ensure the team does not interfere in their battle for the world title, sought to remedy the pitstop problem with the left-front wheel in that way.

Piastri – who under instruction had helped Norris out in qualifying the day before in giving him a tow to ensure he graduated from Q2 after messing up his first lap – was displeased. “We said a slow pitstop was part of racing,” he replied to the request, presumably in reference to an internal discussion that had previously been had. “I don’t really get what changed here but if you really want me to do it then I’ll do it.”

Lando Norris leads Oscar Piastri, McLaren

McLaren has been here before, of course. In Hungary ’24 it asked Norris to give Piastri back the lead. But the McLaren policy of trying to correct team errors which have disadvantaged one driver over the other was just part of the story. The situation only arose after they pitted the second car (ie: Piastri on this occasion) first. Usually, the lead car gets pitstop preference. The answer to that was that Norris as the lead car preferred to pit after Piastri.

On lap 45, Norris’s engineer Will Joseph had radioed, “We will box this lap onto the soft.” Norris was acutely aware there was a one-lap period of vulnerability in coming in first. If there was a safety car after he’d pitted but before Piastri had, then Piastri would jump ahead.

“Do you want to box the other car first?” he asked. This was his privilege as the lead driver.

After a delay while this was discussed on the McLaren pitwall Joseph eventually came back with, “Yep, we’ll do that. We’ll swap it round. So stay out.”

“Well, only if he doesn’t undercut me,” cautioned a worried Norris. “Otherwise I’ll box first.”

“There will be no undercut,” Joseph reassured him. From 3.7sec back, Piastri was not an undercut threat. But with the 3sec delay in Norris’s stop, there was.

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Max Verstappen’s hopes were not high for his home track of Zandvoort. It’s exactly the sort of medium-speed, long-corner layout which so rewards the McLaren and hurts the Red Bull. What the Red Bull needs are low-downforce tracks like Monza and Baku where its excellent aero efficiency at low wing levels allows it to compete. So this was a very interesting three-race sequence from a Red Bull perspective.

The team long ago released any claim on the 2025 championship, given the unerring dominance of McLaren. The Red Bull RB21 has been no match for the McLaren MCL39 over the full range of circuits. But recently there have been signs of progress. It’s not been so much about new developments (everyone has pretty much switched those off for 2025 as they concentrate on the cars of ’26), as a better understanding of what they have.

Max Verstappen at Dutch GP

Verstappen rode out a possible spin at the start of the Dutch GP.

Getty Images

Red Bull’s simulation tools have not been serving them too well in the last couple of seasons. It’s become normal for the car to hit the track on Friday horribly ill-balanced and for lots of midnight oil to be burned by the simulator drivers to give something more workable for the rest of the weekend. Max Verstappen’s radioed exasperation with the car has become a regular Friday feature.

But there’s been a subtle change of emphasis under new team boss Laurent Mekies’ regime. “The engineers are listening more to the driver,” Helmut Marko said in Monza. “If you have such a fast and experienced driver I think it’s the right way. He has to drive it… The whole technical team is more open to discussing things and they are not blindly taking what the simulation says… it’s more based on data [at the track] than whatever the simulation is showing you. It’s more about how the experience of Max and the engineers make a car that is predictable and driveable.”

Lando Norris and Oscar Piastri McLaren 1-2 at Zandvoort

McLaren 1-2 at Zandvoort

There was no great revelation as the cars first hit the track at Zandvoort – McLaren’s Lando Norris was way ahead of everyone else and Verstappen spent his Friday changing front ride height, torsion bars and ballast placement to get around the car’s inherent dislike of long corners. But Max was appreciative of the change in emphasis in the process: “Previously we’ve been doing quite extreme changes, which shows that we were not in control,” commented Max in Monza. “We were not fully understanding what to do. With [team boss] Laurent [Mekies] having an engineering background, he’s asking the right questions to the engineers – common sense questions – so I think that works really well. Already we have made a step forward in Zandvoort.”

The changes that they brought to the car at least placed it on a par with Ferrari and Mercedes – good enough for Verstappen to qualify it third, a quarter-second behind the two McLarens, with Oscar Piastri on pole a few hundredths ahead of Norris.

If it was only about pace McLaren was going to be long-gone – and indeed that’s how it was for Piastri as he converted pole into the lead and disappeared for the rest of the afternoon, perfectly managing the three safety car restarts. But Norris had a Verstappen-with-a-plan to contend with. With nothing to lose, Max opted to start on the soft tyres with their better traction off the line but apparently committing him to a theoretically slower two-stop, in the certain knowledge that McLaren would be obliged to start on the medium so as to cover the one and two-stop possibilities.

Podium for a delighted Isack Hadjar

Podium for a delighted Isack Hadjar

DPPI

At the start Verstappen hung on around Norris’s outside through Tarzan and was still there as they approached the quick right-handed kink of Turn 2. As the Red Bull’s outside wheels caught the sand which had blown onto the track it began what looked to be a wild high-speed spin but Verstappen somehow caught it and in tank-slapping his way towards Turn 3 still somehow on the track and going forwards he passed Norris! It was an extraordinary moment which said everything about not only his amazing gift but also how free he feels in his racing without a title fight to worry about.

“With Mekies, he’s asking the right questions to the engineers”

It was only a matter of time before Norris, in the faster car and on more durable tyres was able to repass – and that moment came on lap nine, the McLaren going around the Red Bull’s outside through Tarzan. By this time Piastri was over 4sec up the road and most of the rest of Norris’s afternoon was about trying to eat into that gap without taking too much from the tyres. But Piastri was on his game and even though the restarts allowed Norris hope, he was never able to challenge. It looked like he was going to lose a further seven points to Piastri in the championship battle but actually fate had other ideas in store. A broken oil pipe on Norris’s car seven laps from the end saw him pull to the side with the rear of the McLaren ablaze. He was now 34 points behind the victorious Piastri with just nine races left.

Charles Leclerc crash

Charles Leclerc is out

All of which promoted Verstappen up to a distant second place on a track ill-suited to the car. Keeping Verstappen honest was the remarkable rookie Isack Hadjar, who took his first podium after qualifying the Racing Bulls car on the second row ahead of the Mercs and Ferraris. Behind him, Lewis Hamilton crashed out his Ferrari in damp conditions, Charles Leclerc scraped along the side of George Russell in passing at the chicane, damaging the Mercedes. Kimi Antonelli then took up Merc’s challenge but in attempting to pass Leclerc into the banked Turn 3 got it all wrong and hit the Ferrari into retirement.

“It was F1’s fastest ever race-winning average at 155.791mph”

Moving onto Monza a week later Red Bull had genuine hope. The car was competitive with everyone running their low wings and this time – unlike in 2024 – Red Bull had a specific Monza wing rather than simply a trimmed version of the standard low-downforce wing. It had been in development since before the season. But this was in combination with a generously proportioned front wing area. Ordinarily this combination might have been expected to make for entry instability – and on Friday Verstappen did suffer a big moment into the Lesmos as he made a new tyre run – but he and the team worked away to tame the worst effects of that while still retaining the big front wing. It was giving Verstappen more confidence in attacking the chicanes, getting more of the rotation through steering than from the rear of the car. For qualifying they had trimmed the rear wing even further and this in addition to further mechanical changes brought the car fully into its sweet spot. Verstappen responded with pole position, 0.077sec faster than Norris, in the process setting the fastest average speed for a single lap in F1 history at 164.466mph. Piastri shared the second row with Leclerc’s Ferrari.

Max Verstappen’s wins the Italian Grand Prix

Max Verstappen’s win at the Italian Grand Prix was his first since Imola almost four months ago

The opening laps were thrilling as Norris – driving partly on the grass to keep momentum on Verstappen’s inside as they raced towards the first chicane – forced the Red Bull driver to take the escape apron at the first apex. Verstappen rejoined the track leading but was instructed by his team to hand the place back, which he did at the end of the lap. Piastri meanwhile was engaged in a major wheel-to-wheel dice with Leclerc, the Ferrari getting ahead out of the first turn, but Piastri going around the outside of the first Lesmo to reclaim third, only for Leclerc to grab the place back again out of the first chicane on the next lap. Piastri took the place definitively a couple of laps later.

Monza, Max Verstappen forced off track by Norris

At the start in Monza, Verstappen was forced to drive across the run-off apron after brushing up against Norris

This was all happening a few hundred metres behind the ongoing Norris-Verstappen dice and on the fourth lap the Red Bull driver put a straight DRS pass on the McLaren to retake the lead. From there he simply pulled himself out of reach, extending the gap by around 0.3sec each lap. The Red Bull was simply quicker and Norris’s radio was soon suggesting the reason why: his front-left tyre was graining. “It’s not really a big problem,” he radioed. “It’s just slow.”

Driving to the artificial grip limit imposed by the graining meant he was unable to stay with the Red Bull, the bigger front wing of which was protecting the front tyres just fine. Verstappen got himself well out of undercut range and was on his way to victory and the focus became the race between the McLarens, as Piastri steadily caught his team-mate.

Red Bull’s back to winning ways

Red Bull’s back to winning ways – much to the delight of the team.

Eventually the extra load that front wing had been feeding into Verstappen’s left-front saw it begin to blister. But he was 6sec clear by then and had ample time to make his pitstop without any threat from the McLarens.

Hoping for a safety car, McLaren kept both cars out for as long as possible. Leclerc pitted before them and on new tyres was soon lapping half-a-second or more faster than the yet-to-stop McLarens. But he was still several seconds away from being an undercut threat as McLaren chose to bring Piastri in first.

Piastri’s stop was routine but a lap later Norris’s was not. There was a 3sec delay on the front-left wheel – enough for Piastri to jump ahead as Norris rejoined. An awkward radio conversation between Piastri and the pitwall ensued as he was asked to give the place back to his team-mate. He reluctantly agreed to do so five laps from the end. Although they were then free to race again, they were too closely matched for an overtake to be feasible. Verstappen-Norris-Piastri was the order at the flag. It was F1’s fastest ever race-winning average at 155.791mph.

Max Verstappen wins fastest race in F1 history

Max dominant; it was the fastest race in F1 history

Verstappen’s first win since Imola nine races earlier represented a great victory for the new Mekies-era team but the boss wasn’t so sure how it might translate into Baku, one of the few tracks on which Verstappen had never won. “We had a great Monza,” he said, “but Monza is so specific it was not clear how much of that progress we could bring to Baku. Which is also very specific with all low-speed corners… but recently we do seem to have unlocked something at least on slow corners.”

After again spending Friday fine-tuning the car around a skinny rear and ample front wing Verstappen unleashed the full potential on Saturday – and it was good enough to give him a second consecutive pole. But this was a volatile qualifying session as the gusting winds and damp track played their part in a record six red flags. In Q3 Leclerc and Piastri put their cars in the wall without having set a time. Piastri’s crash came after only Carlos Sainz’s Williams and the Racing Bulls of Liam Lawson and Isack Hadjar had set a time and for a while as the rain came down it looked like that could be the grid. But the drizzle had stopped with 3min of the session remaining. McLaren played safe by sending Norris out at the head of the queue, wanting to guard against him suffering yellow or red flags. Red Bull chose to send their two cars out last.

Max Verstappen leads Azerbaijan, Carlos Sainz’s third Williams

Azerbaijan brought another win for Verstappen – he couldn’t… could he? – while Carlos Sainz’s third place was Williams’ first podium since 2021

Getty Images/Red Bull Content Pool,

It meant that Norris was trying to set a time on a recently dampened track while Verstappen had the advantage of the six cars ahead of him having at least partially dried the line. Red Bull’s high-risk/high-reward strategy paid off as Verstappen set a resounding pole, 0.5sec faster than Sainz’s benchmark. But the Williams driver retained second place ahead of Lawson. Norris clouted his right-rear against a barrier on the way to seventh-fastest time. Of his error Norris said of the McLaren, “On these low-downforce tracks it’s not an easy car to drive.” The confidence-boosting feel Verstappen was getting from the Red Bull in this format played its part in allowing him to express his genius.

“It was the first time Piastri appeared to be feeling pressure”

In stark contrast to qualifying, the race was almost incident-free. Almost. Piastri capped his terrible weekend by first of all anticipating the start, then triggering the McLaren’s anti-stall as he pulled up, falling to last – then crashing into the barriers again, this time at Turn 5 on the opening lap as he tried to quickly make up the places he’d lost. It was the first time this season that Piastri appeared to be feeling the pressure of leading the championship.

Once the safety car for the Piastri incident came in, Verstappen – starting on the hard tyre – disappeared into the distance. He was helped in this by Sainz and Lawson effectively forming a blockage for any potentially fast cars. A DRS train of cars formed behind Lawson comprising the two Mercedes of Kimi Antonelli and George Russell, Yuki Tsunoda’s Red Bull, Leclerc, Norris and Lewis Hamilton’s Ferrari. Aside from a Tsunoda-Russell dice, it remained this way throughout the opening stint as Verstappen pulled out 0.5sec or more each lap even as he concentrated on just giving his tyres an easier time.

Oscar Piastri’s crash Azerbaijan

Piastri’s first-lap exit in Azerbaijan brought out the safety car.

Getty Images

The thinking behind the unusual choice for a pole-sitter of starting on the hards was very much Verstappen’s – and in the new spirit of being more guided by its driver, he got his wish. Despite not having driven on the hard tyre at any point in the weekend pre-race. “The thinking wasn’t about how we believed the hard might compare to the medium,” explained Mekies, “but it was in the expectation of safety cars and red flags. We wanted to be able to drive to whenever the safety car came. Max pushed for this. It came with other risks but Max was convincing in explaining he could deal with those risks.” The short distance down to Turn 1 and the fact that it was Sainz – surely not willing to risk a massive result for Williams and blowing the opportunity of a front row start – probably also played into Verstappen’s assessment of the risk of using the less accelerative tyre.

Red Bull Paul Monaghan, Baku George Russell Sainz

Red Bull engineer Paul Monaghan, right, joins the Baku big-boys

Getty Images/Red Bull Content Pool,

So low was the degradation rate of the hard that Verstappen was able to wait until everyone else had pitted before coming in for his mediums just 11 laps from the end.

Russell also started on the hards and used them to overcut his way past his medium-starting team-mate, Lawson and Sainz for second, with Sainz retaining third. Norris never broke free of the DRS train, not helped by another pitstop delay, and finished seventh.

“We’re working hard at understanding what is limiting us with this car,” said Mekies, “but I don’t know how this will translate at higher-downforce, higher-temperature tracks. We’ll see.” 

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Ella Lloyd headshot

Ella Lloyd

Rodin Motorsport
A female driver that has inspired me is Jade Edwards. She helped and coached me during my first year of racing, giving me valuable advice. It was great to be able to get guidance from her especially as she had also raced in the Ginetta Junior series during her career, like me. Another inspiration has been Jamie Chadwick. When I started racing, W Series was running, and it was inspiring to see her doing so well.


Doriane Pin headshot

Doriane Pin

PREMA Racing 
I learned about Michèle Mouton from my dad. I was following quite a lot of rallying when I was starting go-karting, and she was the one that showed that everything is possible in motor sport, especially in rallying, so she was the one I was looking at. And then I met her at one point in my career, and I had a little chat with her. So this was very cool. She’s a powerful woman. She said that we have our place in motor sport, and we have to earn respect and be very professional to create opportunities in our career. She was very committed to her work when she was driving, and I am completely aligned with what she said, and it’s what I’m doing every day, working hard with my team and trying to build something good. So obviously she’s someone to remember, and we will still remember her for many, many years.


Chloe Chong headshot

Chloe Chong

Rodin Motorsport 
I’d say that the most continuous female motor sport inspiration I’ve had growing up was Abbi Pulling. Which is weird, because I actually raced against her on several occasions. But I’d say it’s because going through the British karting championship, I always followed her, and she was the reason why I aspired to take part in that championship in the first place and go up the ladder. She was winning, her results speak for her, that she was beating a grid of 30-odd boys, and I looked up to that. I’m following what she has done.

Being part of the Ronin Motorsport family she comes in sometimes, sets us a reference lap on the sim, or comes to test days and helps out with just advice in general, even if she’s coaching someone else specifically. So she’s always helpful, always friendly and she honestly has a wealth of knowledge. She says that people always like to tell her to shut up because she speaks too much! But everything that she says is really great stuff.


Lia Block headshot

Lia Block

ART Grand Prix 
I have to choose my mom [Lucy Block]. I grew up in a motor sport family, and my mother raced in rallies when I was growing up. So I saw her always doing it, and there was never any doubt in my mind that I could do it. She really helped me. She had fun, and I think she taught me that that’s the most important part of motor sport and racing cars – always having fun in what you’re doing. She used to drive a Ford Fiesta R2, the WRC Junior Championship car, and now she drives an R5. She doesn’t drive as much any more because we’re running around the world chasing F1, but she still enjoys it.


Alisha Palmowski headshot

Alisha Palmowski

Campos Racing 
Susie Wolff may seem like the obvious answer. The opportunity that she’s given me to showcase what I can do on a global stage as a support series to F1 has changed my life. Equally as an athlete herself she was the most recent female to compete in an FP1 session. I think she’s really proven that females can drive modern-day F1 cars to a really good standard, so she’s a big inspiration for me. She’s been somebody that I’ve looked up to for years, and now working with her, she’s an incredible figure for F1 Academy as well. She’s extremely accessible on race weekends, so if I need support or assistance or some advice then I feel she’s only just a phone call away.


Tina Hausmann headshot

Tina Hausmann

PREMA Racing 
Susie Wolff, for sure. Obviously I know she had a great career as a racing driver, which for me is very inspiring, but perhaps more importanly now as the boss of F1 Academy. As a businesswoman, I think she is very remarkable, and I really look up to her for what she has achieved. And it’s great to be part of her project.


Nina Gademan headshot

Nina Gademan

PREMA Racing 
When they had still the W Series, and before F1 Academy, there was a Dutch driver called Beitske Visser. When I was younger, I met up with her a couple of times, and she showed me around the pitbox. I used to look up to her, because she was racing formula cars. And then basically when she stopped, I started doing it. She’s very Dutch, similar to me, similar to Max – she doesn’t talk a lot, so she didn’t give me any advice! She’s not racing a lot now. I think if she would have been in this generation, she would have come much further. Obviously, they push women a lot more now.


Chloe Chambers headshot

Chloe  Chambers

Campos Racing 
I feel like everybody else probably has said this, but Susie Wolff, for sure. I grew up when she was still actively driving. She was one of the first people to start a lot of the female initiatives to gain more participation, and I was trying to get my name out there to her. So I’m glad to now be racing in F1 Academy, where finally I’ve had the chance to meet her. And she is super inspirational, definitely full of wisdom for all of us.

Obviously, the biggest thing is helping me to get into F1 Academy, having that belief in me to carry the brand and show my skill on track. She’s been exactly where we all are right now, so she knows exactly what we’re going through, and she always knows the right words to say to us. She leaves us little hints here and there on things, and she knows what’s going on. She has a lot of knowledge on F1 and what it’s like to drive the car. So to hear her say that it definitely is possible is a really good feeling for all of us.

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Marie-Claude Beaumont headshot

50. Marie-Claude Beaumont (F)

1973 Le Mans 24 Hours
June 9-10, Le Mans, France
Chevrolet Corvette C3 1st in class

When in 1971 the Le Mans organisers rescinded its ban on female drivers – in place since Annie Bousquet’s fatal crash at the 1956 Reims 12 Hours – it didn’t anticipate having a woman in the largest-capacity car. After consecutive DNFs, including a high-profile collision with a Matra in ’72, Marie-Claude Beaumont helped Henri Greder muscle a Corvette to 12th overall.


Yvette Fontaine on track in Ford Escort 1969

49. Yvette Fontaine (B) 

1969 Bekers van de Toekomst
September 7, Zolder, Belgium
Ford Escort Twin Cam 2nd

By outqualifying and beating the Porsche 911L of her closest rival in the heat and the final of this concluding round of the Belgian Touring Car Championship, Yvette Fontaine became a national champion. She had won its 1600cc class six times from nine starts – but points were actually awarded on the basis of overall race position.


Christabel Carlisle morris mini 1961

48. Christabel Carlisle (GB)

1961 brscc national race
October 1, Brands Hatch
Morris Mini 6th

A breathless three-way Mini battle was this race’s highlight. In only her first full season, Christabel Carlisle led initially before eventually having to give way to Vic Elford. She was able, however, to stave off Steve McQueen – yes, that Steve McQueen – for second in class. This trio was called onto the rostrum by popular demand.


Cathy Muller 1984 Albi GP

47. Cathy Muller (F)

1984 Albi Grand Prix
September 30, Albi, France
Ralt-Alfa Romeo RT3/84 1st

Tired of being told that she was effectively ducking out by contesting the European Formula 3 Championship, and that her home series was much more competitive, a piqued MC Motorsport ran Cathy Muller at the latter’s final round at Albi. Third-fastest in a wet qualifying, she won the dry 30-lapper by 1.74sec.


Louise Aitken-Walker 1983 Peter Russek

46. Louise Aitken-Walker/Ellen Morgan (GB)

1983 Peter Russek Manuals Rally
July 23, Swansea
Ford Escort RS1800 1st

Two of its five stages through the Welsh forests took more than 30min to complete. Fastest on both of them – by 18sec on the decisive concluding test – Louise Aitken-Walker became the first woman to win a British national rally. Her margin was 40sec. Future two-time British champion David Llewellin, also in an Escort, was almost 2min behind in fourth.


Sheila van Damm:Anne Hall 1953 Alpine Rally

It might have been summer but in the 1953 Alpine Rally, Rootes driver Sheila Van Damm faced wintry conditions

Getty Images

45. Sheila van Damm/Anne Hall (GB)

1953 Alpine Rally
July 10-16, Marseille-Munich-Cannes 
Sunbeam-Talbot Alpine 24th

The first woman post-war – and the second ever – to gain a Coupe des Alpes, awarded for a penalty-free run. Sheila van Damm’s team-mate Stirling Moss would tell you how difficult this was on so gruelling an event, in a car that was neither a powerful sports job nor a nimble tiddler. His effort of 1954 brought him to tears of relief.


Gwenda Stewart sits in car 1934 Speed Record Attempt

44. Gwenda Stewart (GB) 

1934 Speed record attempt
July 25, Montlhéry, France
Derby-Miller
European closed circuit record

In setting a new world mark for 2-litre cars over the flying kilometre and mile Gwenda Stewart also set a new official best for a European circuit: a 147.79mph lap of Montlhéry, a steeply banked 1.6-mile oval. She crashed later that same day while testing experimental Bosch sparkplugs.


Sarah-Bovy,-Rahel-Frey,-Michelle-Gatting-2023-Bahrain

43. Sarah Bovy (B)
Rahel Frey (ch)
Michelle Gatting (DK)

2023 Bahrain 8 Hours
November 4, Sakhir, Bahrain
Porsche 911 RSR-19 1st in class

Start from pole position. Maintain a strong and consistent race pace while remaining error-free. Ally perfect pitstops to an optimal tyre strategy. And keep a lid on increasing pressure. This is the long-established ideal recipe for success in endurance racing – as followed by the first female crew to win in a world sports car championship.


Rosemary Smith Valerie Domleo 1965 Tulip Rally

42. Rosemary Smith/Valerie Domleo (Ire/GB)

1965 Tulip Rally April
26-29, Noordwijk-Geneva-Noordwijk
Hillman Imp 1st

The event had perhaps lost some of its teeth but it remained a tough 1800-mile hack to, through and from The Alps, which were blanketed by snow. Former model/fashion designer Rosemary Smith mastered the conditions without studded tyres.


Dorothy Levitt 1903 Southport Speed trials

41. Dorothy Levitt (GB)

1903 Southport Speed Trials
October 2-3, Southport
Gladiator 12hp 1st in class

Victorians were loosening their corsets in the freer Edwardian era when Napier’s SF Edge plucked Dorothy Levitt  from the typing pool. Her presence was a gimmick – the first British woman to contest a speed event – until the 21-year-old won her flying kilometre heat along Southport seafront. She won the final against more powerful opposition by a street, too.


Phoebe Wainman-Hawkins holding trophies 2025 uk open

40. Phoebe Wainman-Hawkins (GB)

2025 UK Open Championship
May 11, Skegness Raceway 
Hawkins-Chevrolet 1st

Thirty-plus 600bhp stock cars on a quarter-mile oval, with no quarter asked for, and none given. It might not be glamorous but it’s fierce. Returning to the cockpit from an 18-month lay-off, new mum Phoebe Wainman-Hawkins in a borrowed car became the first woman to win a major BriSCA F1 title.


Jannine Jennky in Bugatti Type 35C 1928 Burgundy Cup

39. Jannine Jennky (F)

1928 Burgundy Cup
May 16, Dijon, France
Bugatti Type 35C 1st

Louis Chiron – that season’s most successful motor racing driver – was the clear favourite to win this French Championship 300-miler in a works Bugatti Type 35B. But a Parisian musical comedy singer matched him, despite having 300cc less. Feeling her pressure – Jannine Jennky set fastest lap – Chiron, recovering from a pitstop, crashed out on lap 23 of 28.


Sabine Schmitz in BMW M3 E36 1996 Nurburgring 24 hours

Sabine Schmitz was part of a trio that obliterated the opposition in the ’96 Nürburgring 24 Hours

38. Sabine Schmitz (D)

1996 Nürburgring 24 Hours
June 15-16, Nürburgring, Germany
BMW M3 E36 1st

The ‘Queen of the Nürburgring’ – racing under her married name of Sabine Reck – was crowned when she became the first woman to win an international 24-hour race. No more than 85 of its 140 starters finished, and the closest to her winning car – co-driven by Johannes Scheid and Hans Widmann – was fully four laps of 15.5 miles behind.


Elsie ‘Bill’ Wisdom, Joan Richmon 1932 JCC 1000-Mile Race

‘Bill’ Wisdom and Joan Richmond outclassed the fellas over two days in their Riley Nine at Brooklands in 1932

Getty Images

37.Elsie ‘Bill’ Wisdom (GB)
Joan Richmond (AUS)

1932 JCC 1000-mile Race
June 3-4, Brooklands
Riley Nine Brooklands 1st

A handicap race over two days resulted in the first endurance victory for a female crew. Elsie Wisdom was a track regular. Joan Richmond, who had driven from her Australian home to contest that year’s Monte Carlo Rally, was a newcomer. Upping their pace on day two, they took the lead with an hour remaining. They covered 1046.4 miles at 84.41mph.


Ellen Lohr 1992 Rennsport-festival

36. Ellen Lohr (D)

1992 Rennsport-Festival
May 24, Hockenheim, Germany
Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.5 Evo2 1st

Catching team-mate Keke Rosberg, his softer tyres fading, and having set fastest lap, Ellen Lohr barged past with two laps to go to score the only DTM win for a woman. They would collide again, at the first corner of the second race. Both retired because of damage. The 1982 Formula 1 world champion, accused of seeking revenge, didn’t look bothered.


Betty Haig Joyce Lambert 1936 Olympic Rally

35. Betty Haig/Joyce Lambert (GB)

1936 Olympic Rally
July 22-30, Birmingham-Berlin
Singer Nine Le Mans 1st

This Monte Carlo Rally-style, 2000-mile precursor to the Olympics was decided when its weather turned nasty and Betty Haig made her move on the muddy roads alongside the Danube, near the Czech border. The great-niece of Field Marshal Haig thus upstaged the Nazi propaganda machine – and won that sporting holy of holies: an Olympic gold medal. Unique in motor sport.


Lilian Bryner 2004 spa 24 hours

34. Lilian Bryner (CH)

2004 Spa 24 Hours
Jul 31-Aug 1, Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium
Ferrari 550 GTS Maranello 1st

Starting from pole, courtesy of Fabrizio Gollin, Lilian Bryner and her other co-drivers – Enzo Calderari and Luca Cappellari – battled a works-supported Ferrari 575 GTC until the latter’s diffuser was damaged around Sunday lunchtime. Handed the final stint, Bryner finished one lap ahead to become the first – and so far only – woman to win this race since its 1924 inception.


Pippa Mann 2010 Freedom 100

33. Pippa Mann (GB)

2010 Freedom 100
May 27, Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Dallara-Infiniti IPS Pole position

By stringing together consecutive flying laps at an average of 187.989mph, the Londoner became the first woman to top the timesheets in The Brickyard’s (then) 101-year history. Sadly her race, the fourth round of the Indy Lights single-seater series, would end when she became entangled in somebody else’s accident at Turn 1 on the third lap.


Anne Hall Lucille Cardwell 1961 east african safari rally

32. Anne Hall / Lucille Cardwell (GB)

1961 East African Safari Rally
March 31-April 3, Nairobi-Dar es Salaam -Kampala-Nairobi
Ford Zephyr 3rd

When requested to ease her pace in order to make sure of winning the Coupe des Dames and the Manufacturers’ Prize, Anne Hall, a 41-year-old from Huddersfield, having her first experience of African rallying, pressed on regardless. Only a brace of Mercedes-Benz denied her outright victory after 3300 miles mostly on rocky, dusty roads.


Kitty O’Neil 1976 speed record attempt

Kitty O’Neil, ‘the fastest woman in the world’, was also the stunt double for Lynda Carter in Wonder Woman

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31.Kitty O’Neil (USA)

1976 Speed record attempt
December 6, Alvord Desert, Oregon
SMI Motivator 512.71mph

Employed to beat the women’s Land Speed Record, and so running ‘just’ 60% power, stuntwoman Kitty O’Neil broke it by over 200mph, peaking at 621mph – a whisker slower than the outright record – on her inbound run. Contractual snafus prevented her from making an attempt on the sound barrier in this rocket-powered-and-boosted – to 61,000hp – 39ft long three-wheeler.


Jamie Chadwick 2024 INDY NXT

30. Jamie Chadwick (GB)

2024 Indy NXT
June 9, Road America, Wisconsin
Dallara-mazda IL-15 1st

Expertly controlling the race’s pace from pole position, backing up the chasers before pulling away on the faster sections of this challenging road course – ‘America’s Spa’ – allowed Jamie Chadwick to lead this 20-lapper throughout. Two women had won in this feeder series prior, but this was a first female victory achieved away from the ovals.


Michèle Mouton Fabrizia Pons 1982 portuguese rally

29. Michèle Mouton/ Fabrizia Pons (F/I)

1982 Portuguese Rally
March 3-6, Estoril, Portugal
Audi quattro 1st

Emerging intact from the thick fog that had caused team-mate Hannu Mikkola to roll into retirement in the darkness of the opening stage of the second leg (of four), Michèle Mouton set 18 fastest stage times on the 31 gravel tests, having bided her time on nine Tarmac sections, to win by more than 13min.


Cathy Muller 1982 Volant elf-winfield

28. Cathy Muller (F)

1982 Volant Elf-Winfield 
October 24, Magny-Cours, France
Martini-Renault 1st

Past winners of this prestigious find-a-driver competition first held in 1963 included François Cevert and René Arnoux. Its latest crop had been winnowed from 300 to five for the five-lap final. Cathy Muller won after the leader spun out. A jury of the great and the good of French motor racing then ordered a re-run. She won by 3sec this time.


Sara Christian 1949 Nascar strictly stock

27. Sara Christian (USA)

1949 NASCAR Strictly Stock, Round Four
September 11, Langhorne, Pennsylvania
Oldsmobile 6th

In an unfamiliar car – she’d wrecked her Ford – on the most feared dirt oval, and against 44 others squabbling in nascent NASCAR, Sara Christian finished 10 laps behind the winning Olds of Curtis Turner – but two ahead of Lee Petty’s Plymouth – after 200 miles. She finished fifth in a lesser race three weeks later: the best result for a woman in NASCAR.


Katherine Legge 2005 atlantic championship

Katherine Legge won three races in the 2005 Atlantic Championship, finishing the season in third

26. Katherine Legge (GB)

2005 Atlantic Championship
April 10, Long Beach, California
Swift-Toyota 014.a 1st

Having brushed the wall in qualifying, Polestar Racing’s Katherine Legge lined up seventh for her maiden race Stateside. Avoiding the early dramas, and surviving a collision of her own, she was poised to pounce when the leader suffered a car problem in the closing laps. The first open-wheeler victory for a woman in America was also the occasion of this Brit’s first full-time drive.


Kay Petre 1935 match race

Small in frame but big in ambition, Kay Petre – ‘Queen of Brooklands’ – was a match for men in the mid-1930s

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25. Kay Petre (CDN)

1935 Match race
August 25, Brooklands
Delage Type DH 1st

The organisers backed down – downgrading the proposed match race versus Gwenda Stewart to single-car runs – after 4ft 10in charger Kay Petre lapped faster in practice (134.75mph) than John Cobb, the record-breakers’ record-breaker, ever had in this ageing 10.7-litre V12 behemoth. The car had been given a year’s stay of execution by wary scrutineers. Despite a slipping clutch, 134.24mph sealed her victory.


Brittany Force 2025 4-wide nationals

24. Brittany Force (USA)

2025 4-wide Nationals
April 25, zMax Dragway, North Carolina
Top Fuel dragster 341.59mph

This twice NHRA Top Fuel champion – in 2017 and 2022 – was already the quickest ever over 1000ft – a 3.623sec pass recorded at Reading, Pennsylvania in 2019 – when she also became the fastest ever: 341.59mph. Stop press: she increased this in September to 343.51mph – and has announced her intention to retire at the season’s end.


Lyn St James 1992 Indianapolis 500

23. Lyn St James (USA)

1992 Indianapolis 500
May 24, Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Lola-Chevrolet T91/00 11th

Permitted by Ford to switch to Chevy power, the 45-year-old Lyn St James qualified 27th – ahead of former winners Tom Sneva and Gordon Johncock – after 13 laps of practice. And in a race blighted by 13 crashes – cold tyres/cool conditions – she was in 10th position when mistakenly advised to let AJ Foyt past. She did, however, become the first female – and the oldest – Rookie of the Year.


Liz Halliday 2006 Sebring 12 hours

While Sebring saw Liz Halliday’s peak moment, she’s also raced three times in the Le Mans 24 Hours, finishing 4th in class (LMP2) in 2006

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22. Liz Halliday (USA)

2006 Sebring 12 Hours
March 18, Sebring, Florida
Lola-AER B05/40 2nd/1st in class

Making impressive early inroads after starting 28th because of a puncture in qualifying, and making the most of the problems that befell Penske’s category favourite Porsches – as well as keeping the victorious Audi R10 diesel honest – British-based Californian Liz Halliday, co-driving Jon Field and his son Clint, nursed the misfiring car home to win the LMP2 class.

Liz Halliday 2006 in Lola-aer B05 40


Desiré Wilson 1980 Silverstone 6 hours

21. Desiré Wilson (ZA)

1980 Silverstone 6 Hours
May 11, Silverstone
De Cadenet-cosworth LM 1st

A month since her historic British Formula 1 win at Brands Hatch, and a fortnight after her World Sportscar Championship breakthrough at Monza, Desiré Wilson was at it again as team boss/co-driver Alain de Cadenet’s ‘closer’. Recovering from a one-lap penalty – overheating brakes had caused her to miss the chicane – and compensating for a misfire, she retook the lead with less than 30min left.


Lella Lombardi 1975 German GP

20. Lella Lombardi (I)

1975 German Grand Prix
August 3, Nürburgring, West Germany
March-cosworth 751 7th

“That’s the one I remember,” said March boss/designer Robin Herd. “Quietly impressive. Much better than her Montjüich performance.” This was achieved despite a late puncture, and with a cracked rear bulkhead causing snap oversteer – a problem undiagnosed despite Lella Lombardi’s regular complaints since a Monaco practice crash in May. Only when her replacement Ronnie Peterson described the same handling characteristic was the crack discovered. Herd: “Poor Lella. I feel sorry for her. And wonder about it even now.”


Odette Siko 1932 Le Mans 24 Hours

19. Odette Siko (F)

1932 Le Mans 24 Hours
June 18-19, Le Mans, France
Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 SS 4th

Having become the first woman to contest this race – she finished seventh in 1930 alongside Marguerite Mareuse in the latter’s 1.5-litre Bugatti Type 40 – Odette Siko now scored what remains the best finish for a woman. Her self-entered car, co-driven by ‘Jean Sabipa’ – Louis Charaval – survived an attritional race held in sweltering conditions to win the 2-litre class. They finished just one lap behind the third-placed 3-litre Talbot.


Janet Guthrie 1978 Indianapolis 500

18. Janet Guthrie (USA)

1978 Indianapolis 500
May 28, Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Wildcat-DGS 9th

Now running her own team and benefiting from a more competitive car – she qualified 15th (190.325mph) for her second consecutive start at Indy – Janet Guthrie let nothing get in the way of her maximising the opportunity. And that included a wrist fractured in a fall during a charity tennis match just two days before the race. Hiding her injury – and pain – she finished 10 laps behind the winner, but within the top 10.


Maria Teresa de Filippis 1958 Belgian Grand Prix

17. Maria Teresa de Filippis (I)

1958 Belgian Grand Prix
June 15, Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium
Maserati 250F 10th

The first woman to start a world championship grand prix – and what a place to begin: the super-fast, made even faster since 1956, road circuit that gave even the best pause for thought. Maria Teresa de Filippis lapped at over 116mph in practice – 16.3sec slower than Stirling Moss’s 1956 best in a similar car – but times had moved on. Her private 250F uncompetitive, she was lapped twice – as was Jo Bonnier’s sister car, to be fair. Finishing was her victory.


Camille du Gast 1903 Paris-Madrid

Camille du Gast tends to her De Dietrich before the deadly 1903 Paris-Madrid race

16. Camille du Gast (F)

1903 Paris-Madrid
May 24, Paris-Bordeaux, France
De Dietrich 30CV 45th

The only woman competing was ahead of the eventual winner after 280 miles – and reportedly running eighth (of 200 starters) – when 40 miles from the end of the first leg Camille du Gast stopped for three hours to help an injured team-mate. Her calmness and care saved ET Stead’s life. This ‘Race of Death’, however, went no further than Bordeaux. The French government promptly banned city-to-city races on open roads – and women drivers from competing due to “feminine nervousness”.


Danica Patrick 2008 Indy Japan 300

15. Danica Patrick (USA)

2008 Indy Japan 300
April 20, Twin Ring Motegi, Japan
Dallara-Honda IR-05 1st

‘Yeah, but when will she win?’ The question was beginning to weigh heavily. Finally Danica Patrick gave her answer. Starting sixth on a grid arranged according to championship positions after rain had caused qualifying’s cancellation, she handed a strategic masterclass to Hélio Castroneves and Scott Dixon  by saving sufficient fuel for a late-race charge. The first female winner in America’s premier open-wheel category took the lead three miles from the chequer.


Pat Moss:Ann Riley 1962 Tulip Rally

14. Pat Moss/Ann Riley (GB)

1962 Tulip Rally
May 7-10, Noordwijk-Monte Carlo-Noordwijk 
Morris Mini Cooper 1st

Pat Moss illustrated her impressive versatility by giving this most iconic of rally cars – “twitchy, and pretty unruly at the limit” – its first international victory. And this was despite the upset of her elder brother Stirling’s ongoing and slow recovery from his career-ending crash at Goodwood. Again navigated by ‘Wiz’ – Ann Wisdom, now operating under her married name Riley – Moss beat 143 rivals to win this there-and-back French dash.


Michèle Mouton:Fabrizia Pons 1982 Acropolis Rally

13. Michèle Mouton/Fabrizia Pons (F/I)

1982 Acropolis Rally
May 31-June 3, Athens, Greece
Audi quattro 1st

Europe’s toughest rally demanded stamina and tenacity. More than 600 miles of special stages, several made uncharacteristically muddy by thunderstorms, were included in a 2200-mile route so tightly scheduled that many of its road sections had to be pace-noted, too. Measuring her effort perfectly, Michèle Mouton took the lead at the midway point of the first day and, by setting the fastest time on 26 of the 55 tests, gradually extended her lead to win by 13min 39sec.


Lella Lombardi 1975 Spanish Grand Prix

12. Lella Lombardi (I)

1975 Spanish Grand Prix
April 27, Montjüich Park, Spain
March-cosworth 751 6th

This chaotic weekend of driver protests and numerous accidents, one of which resulted in the death of four bystanders, epitomised F1 at its most rashly macho. Lella Lombardi, ‘The Tigress of Turin’ – she wasn’t from Turin – kept her head down and elbows in, steered around the debris, and was holding an admittedly two-laps distant sixth place when the race was put out of its misery after 29 (of 75 scheduled) laps. Only half points were awarded. But she had made her point.


Michèle Mouton 1985 Pikes Peak Hill Climb

11. Michèle Mouton (F)

1985 Pikes Peak Hill Climb
July 13, Pikes Peak, Colorado 
Audi Sport quattro S1 1st

Petty attempts by officials to unsettle Michèle Mouton left her in a cold fury. Denied a rolling start because of an overly enthusiastic practice getaway – mechanics had to push her car up to the start line – she drove on the edge. This was unfinished business: she had finished second in ’84. Having jettisoned co-driver Fabrizia Pons to save weight, she set a record to prevail by more than 30sec. She challenged ‘King of the Mountain” Bobby Unser to a race back down; he declined.


1962 Leige-Sofia-Leige Rally

Ewy Rosqvist/ Ursula Wirth 1962 Touring Car Grand Prix of Argentina

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10. Ewy Rosqvist/Ursula Wirth (SWE)

1962 Touring Car Grand Prix of Argentina
October 25-November 4, Buenos Aires-Tucumán-Buenos Aires
Mercedes-Benz 220SE 1st

Nobody gave former veterinary assistant Ewy Rosqvist a hope on this rugged rally, its 2874 miles of gravel roads divided into six sections. Yet she was the fastest on all of them, while all of her four team-mates retired (former German rally champion Hermann Kühne was killed in an accident). She averaged almost 79mph to claim the victory by more than 3hr. The only female driver among the 257-car field beat the previous record average by 3.5mph.


Shirley Muldowney 1982 US Nationals

9. Shirley Muldowney (USA)

1982 US Nationals
September 6, Indianapolis Raceway Park
Top Fuel dragster 1st

They had been partners in business and in private from 1972-78: Conrad ‘Connie’ Kalitta had been Shirley Muldowney’s crew chief during her first NHRA Top Fuel title of 1977. Now they were sworn enemies. This battle of the exes resulted in the fastest two-car race to date, from which the woman came out on top thanks to a 5.57sec/251mph pass. It all but guaranteed her unprecedented third Top Fuel crown. Her second had been earned in 1980 – by which time she was running her own team.


Elizabeth Junek 1928 Targa Florio

8. Elizabeth Junek (CZ)

1928 Targa Florio
May 6, Medio Circuito delle Madonie, Italy
Bugatti Type 35B 5th

An exhaustive reconnaissance of the 67-mile circuit winding through the Sicilian mountains put Elizabeth Junek’s rivals to shame. Fourth after the first lap she vaulted Louis Chiron, Giuseppe Campari and Albert Divo on the second to lead by a half-minute. The muscular Campari responded to be a minute ahead of the Czech at the conclusion of the penultimate lap. But the Italian’s Alfa Romeo was also running on a rim. She was back in the box seat – only to suffer a puncture herself. Plus her engine was overheating. The greatest near miss in the history of women in motor sport.


Desiré Wilson 1980 Monza 6 Hours

7. Desiré Wilson (ZA)

1980 Monza 6 Hours
April 27, Monza, Italy
De Cadenet-cosworth LM 1st

Desiré Wilson seemed set fair for victory – until rain began to fall with less than a half-hour to go. De Cadenet’s underfunded team had no wet tyres so she had no option but to stay out on slicks. Thus she was powerless to prevent Henri Pescarolo’s Porsche 935 from re-taking the lead. The latter’s team had miscalculated, however: this was a race of duration, not (1000km) distance. Safe and fast enough in difficult circumstances, she became the first woman to win a world championship sports car race when her Porsche rival pitted for fuel three laps from home.


Susanna Raganelli 1966 World Karting Championship

6. Susanna Raganelli (I)

1966 World Karting Championship
September 25, Amager, Denmark
Tecno-Parilla 1st

Her European Championship victory in May had been for national teams. Now Susanna Raganelli was going it alone – and dominating. She won all three finals – of increasing length – having won all three of her heats and comfortably setting the fastest time in practice. The press moaned that she had the most powerful engine. So what? Getting the best kit is a huge part of the game. Among those she beat – from 42 rivals across 13 countries – were Ronnie Peterson (third), Keke Rosberg and Toine Hezemans. The Roman remains the only woman to win an FIA-affiliated world championship.


Desiré Wilson (ZA) 1980 Evening News Trophy

Theodore Racing’s Desiré Wilson on the grid at Brands Hatch in 1980 – round two of the British F1 Championship

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5. Desiré Wilson (ZA)

1980 Evening News Trophy
April 7, Brands Hatch
Wolf-cosworth WR4 1st

Separating a pair of theoretically superior Williams FW07s in qualifying, Desiré Wilson lunged from the outside of the front row at the restart – team-mate Geoff Lees had caused a stoppage – and led this 40-lapper on the Grand Prix layout. throughout, consistently extending her advantage, and setting the fastest lap, until she was more than 15sec to the good at the finish. Being the only woman to win a contemporary Formula 1 race, however, did not prevent her from losing her full-time drive in the British Championship after finishing second – and setting another fastest lap – in its fifth round (of 12) in May. Money talks.


Danica Patrick 2005 Indianapolis 500

4. Danica Patrick (USA)

2005 Indianapolis 500
May 29, Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Panoz-honda GF09 4th

There were rookie errors: a first lap/Turn 1 wobble that likely cost Danica Patrick pole after being fastest in practice – she qualified a female-best fourth; stalling at a pitstop; and a restart collision/spin that cost her an extra stop because of a damaged nose cone. All was forgiven when, on lap 190, she retook the lead for a second time. A gambling fuel strategy, however, forced her to back off after four laps at the front, and she would have to ‘make do’ with Rookie of the Year and a female-best fourth place. By comparison, her third place of 2009 seemed run of the mill. In a good way.


Jutta Kleinschmidt 2001 Paris-Dakar

3. Jutta Kleinschmidt (D)

2001 Paris-Dakar
January 1-21, Paris-Dakar
Mitsubishi Pajero Evolution 1st

The last true Dakar ended in controversy – as well as making history. The buggies of team-mates Jean-Louis Schlesser and Josep Maria Servià started the penultimate stage early, forcing leader Hiroshi Masuoka to run in their dust – and he crashed his Mitsubishi. Jutta Kleinschmidt had been a model of consistency throughout and started that decisive stage in third overall, 40min behind team-mate Masuoka. She finished it in the lead – due to the hour penalties handed down to transgressors Schlesser and Servià. Only a short final test remained. Masuoka clawed back 16sec – but the only female winner kept her cool in the desert to be 2min 39sec ahead.


Michèle Mouton:Fabrizia Pons 1981 SanRemo Rally

History in the making as Mouton became the first woman to win a round of the WRC – here at the 1981 Sanremo Rally

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2. Michèle Mouton/Fabrizia Pons (F/I)

1981 SanRemo Rally
October 5-10, San Remo, Italy 
Audi quattro 1st

Audi team leader Hannu Mikkola’s opening-stage drama – 15min lost to a fuel injection issue – though a window of opportunity, had left Michèle Mouton exposed, out on the ledge. She responded in measured fashion, taking the lead just past the midway point, and appeared to have done enough on the gravel sections to protect her lead on the final leg’s Tarmac stages, which in turn exposed her heavy 4WD’s shortcomings. That was until the replacement of a driveshaft accrued 2min of road penalties; Ari Vatanen’s nimbler Ford Escort was now just 34sec behind. Unable to sleep, she instead recce’d the stages one more time. It paid off. It was the chasing Finn who blinked first, hitting a rock on the day’s opening 33-miler – twisty, wooded and shrouded in mist – and slumping to an eventual seventh after suspension repairs. The WRC had its first female event winner: by 3min 25sec.


Pat Moss ann Wisom 1960 Marathon de la Route

Pat Moss and Ann Wisdom were “given a tremendous reception” in Liège, as Motor Sport reported in its October 1960 issue

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1.Pat Moss/Ann Wisdom (GB)

1960 Marathon de la Route
August 31-September 4, Liège-Verona-Liège
Austin-Healey 3000 Mk1 1st

A real he-man’s rally – Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, northern Italy, (the old) Yugoslavia, northern Italy once more, then back to Liège via the French Alps. Much of it at night, allowing little time for sleep: 90 hours non-stop. On rough and narrow roads. Through rain and fog in the mountains. Making navigation tricky for ‘Wiz’. And with any lateness at the majority of time controls resulting in automatic disqualification. All tackled in a raucous, hot and cramped hairy-chested sports car.

Pat Moss, left, was holding second place at quarter-distance when the transmission first gave cause for concern: the overdrive packed up; a drain plug was lost; and the clutch began to slip due to a failing oil seal. Beginning to regret her insistence that lower gearing be fitted for better acceleration, she dropped as low as fourth in Yugoslavia. But she nursed the car – and outlasted those who had moved ahead.

Pat Moss 1960 Marathon de la Route

Nothing could be done at Verona – by when she had recaptured second – and a concerned service crew advised her to stop occasionally to administer restorative squirts from the fire extinguisher. It wasn’t until the French/Italian border was reached – by which time she was 6min in front – that the gearbox could be replaced. Taking no risk thereafter and battling tiredness she maintained her advantage to the finish.

Issue Contents Archive - Motor Sport Magazine

Bremont Terra Nova — how adventure watch survived our test to ‘the end of the world’

Its racing life was so short, and yet is the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR the greatest competition sports car of them all? There’s a case to be made.

Its stunningly elegant form, its levels of superiority and domination, the twin maestros most associated with it who twirled its wheel so majestically… and the heady mix of triumph and devastating tragedy it represents: quite a cocktail, all told. Had the 300 SLR raced beyond the turbulence of that 1955 season, sports car racing history, and specifically that of the Le Mans 24 Hours, would surely read oh so differently.

Even at the time, those lucky enough to encounter it knew this was special. “The various manifold tubes, fuel injection components and centre-mounted brake drums comprised a complex array of sophisticated mechanical exotica the likes of which could be found on no other automobile of the time,” raved American works driver John Fitch. “A platoon of crack technicians was required to prepare these cars to race, but once running properly, they seemed capable of going on forever.”

Skip back through its race history – the story is more dramatic than any movie. Born from the W196 grand prix car, the two-seat 300 SLR was created solely for one reason: to enable Mercedes-Benz to complete a clean sweep of both F1 and sports car world championships – and naturally, the company threw everything at the cause.

Mercedes-benz 300 slr

For Motor Sport magazine, No722 will forever be our most-cherished car

Unveiled after the grand prix team’s successful sojourn to Argentina, its first three months were dedicated to achieving that landmark of beating the Italians on their own patch at the Mille Miglia. You know how it went.

And then what happened at Le Mans, after domination at the Nürburgring’s Eifelrennen. When the two remaining cars were withdrawn seven and a half hours after poor ‘Levegh’ had flown into the crowd, Moss and Fangio were two laps clear. But with 83 spectators slain, who cares?

Understandably, the rest of its racing life tends to be overlooked – but the shock and awe rolled on. Under growing talk of an end-of-season withdrawal, there was the August race in Kristianstad, Sweden, arranged in part to opportunistically (and coldly) fill the void created by the cancellations of such as the German GP and Nürburgring 1000Kms. Fangio and Moss lapped the field. Then there was Dundrod and the 50th anniversary Tourist Trophy.

The TT was run as a scratch rather than handicapper, on narrow country roads in rural Northern Ireland, at speeds approaching 150mph. What, in the wake of events in June? These were less sensitive times. But imagine had a 300 SLR been involved in the dreadful crash that claimed three lives. Moss pressed on regardless, with Fitch playing a bit-part in a gritted-teeth victory that lifted Mercedes-Benz within range of its world championship grail.

How it was won on the Targa Florio is almost equal to the better known Mille Miglia yarn. The intensity of Moss’s record first lap. How he then crashed into a field and required (illegal) help from Sicilian locals to find his way back out. Then a guesting Peter Collins making up 9min and surviving his own smash through a stone wall to hand Moss back his lead. “I shouted, ‘Is it still running OK?’” wrote Alfred Neubauer in Speed was my Life. “Moss nodded, he climbed out of the cockpit, staggered into the pit and sank down exhausted on a box in the corner. I said to Peter, ‘Off you go, see if you can pull the chestnuts from the fire.’”

The night before, Neubauer had felt the bottom drop from his world when the letter arrived: he already knew the F1 programme was over, but sports cars too? Over 13 laps of the 44-mile Madonie, the mission was accomplished, even if the 300 SLR’s elegant lines took one hell of a hammering. It would remain unbeaten (Le Mans withdrawal included) forever after. But there could have been so much more. DS


Where are they now?

0001/54

(note earlier year) Development car, 2nd Eifelrennen (Moss)
Owned by Mercedes-Benz

0002/55

T-car, unraced
Owned by Mercedes-Benz

0003/55

2nd Mille Miglia, 1st Eifelrennen, 1st Kristianstad (all Fangio)
Owned by Mercedes-Benz

0004/55

1st Mille Miglia (Moss/Jenkinson), 4th Eifelrennen (Kling), withdrawn Le Mans (Kling & Simon), 2nd Kristianstad (Moss), 1st TT (Moss/Fitch), 1st Targa Florio (Moss/Collins)
Owned by Mercedes-Benz

0005/55

DNF Mille Miglia (Kling), 2nd TT (Fangio/Kling), 4th Targa Florio (Fitch/Titterington)
French National Motor Museum

0006/55

DNF Mille Miglia (Herrmann), DNF Le Mans (Fitch/Levegh)
Destroyed

0007/55

Coupé, unraced
Owned by Mercedes-Benz

0008/55

Coupé, unraced
Sold 2022 to private collector

0009/55

Never assembled

0010/55

1956 car, unraced
Owned by Mercedes-Benz